Geography 59 May 31, 2007 Administrative stuff Maine Map Review: Some Important Concepts Shaded-relief maps, Proportional Symbol Maps, Review: Choropleth Maps Review: Projections

Remaining classes – Geog 59 ● May 31 st : More maps, Review trouble areas + Maine map critique. Review Projections and Lab 5 (Projections) ● June 7 th : Review terminology and objectives of the course + Map critique exercise (in-class)

Remaining classes – cont'd ● June 14 th : Read topographic maps, and review important rules that must be followed in your final project. Extra Credit #2 DUE (10 points) ● June 21 st : Current topics in Cartography + Any early final project presentations. ● June 28 th : Final Projects

Maine Map ● The maps looked good ● Key issues: – Rules of type placement – Type convention – Element placement – Element balance

Maine – The rules of type placement ● K & W, page 235 only hints at rules ● Monmonier hardly touches on it ● What are the RULES!??!?! ● They were mentioned in class and are in the slides from May 10th

Type placement: Point features

Type placement: Line Features ● Some ambiguity ● Generally, use repetition ● Sometimes spreading out the text slightly will cover needs of the map ● Abbreviation is ok for rivers

Labels on line features ● Avoid upside-down type ● Avoid stretching out too much ● Place text from bottom-to-top, but first try to place horizontally to ease reading These are good practices

Map Elements ● Achieve “harmony” in your map by: – Looking for big empty white space(s) – how can you move elements around to fill that space? – Being bold about moving around elements to places you might not think are best – Align objects whenever possible. Create guides to align elements or use alignment tools.

Moving on.... More Maps!

More Maps – Topography ● Shaded Relief Maps – Presumes an oblique light source – Digital Elevation Models (DEM's) are the main component needed to produce these maps – ArcMap has good shaded-relief map production capability

More Maps - Topography ● Contour maps – Can be used to generate surfaces in ArcMap (interpolation) – Methods must be understood

Review: Choropleth Maps ● Good maps for showing changes, percentages, demographics ● Main task is data classification ● Color scheme is important too

Data-based maps: Proportional Symbols ● Data may be standardized, or may not be standardized ● ArcMap can produce on-the-fly ● Overlap may occur, though no rules exist to manage it

Dasymetric Maps ● Dasymetric maps are based on standardized data and use area as the mapping unit ● Takes changing densities into consideration – better visualization of diffusive processes

Dot Maps ● Use to show point events in space – point feature representation ● Use raw data to produce dot maps ● GIS products do not commonly produce dot mapsinto consideration

And last but not least... Projections!

Review: Projections See the guide on the website – it is based on a lot of detail, but ultimately practitioners use 1-3 projections over and over. Today's lab exercise is meant to illustrate ArcMap's projection capabilities.

Decimal Degrees ● The basic unit of latitude and longitude is the degree (°) ● One degree covers a large area. They are most common on GPS units and topographic maps.

Decimal degrees are... ● Used in many electronic mapping applications. ● Often used (not always) to define a single point in space ● Sometimes in need conversion to Degrees, Minutes, Seconds ● AND – (important for lab #5) ● 1 degree is about 69 miles

Latitude, Longitude + Minutes + Seconds ● Each degree is subdivided into 60 minutes('). Each minute is divided into 60 seconds('') ● Express as: 1) lat or long 2) minutes 3) seconds Quadrangle divisions - Wisconsin

End of lecture – May 31 st