S2C7 – Novell NetWare IP and IPX Services

Novell Protocols Transport Layer –TCP/IP –SPXInternetwork Packet Exchange Network Layer –NLSP (Netware Link Service Protocol) SPF –IPX –RIP

Novell Protocols Data/Link and Physical Layer –IEEE –IEEE –Fast Ethernet –FDDI –PPP –High Speed Serial Interface –ISDN –ATM

Novell Protocols Layers –SAPService Advertising Protocol to advertise network services –NCPNetWare Core Protocol to provide client-to-server connections & applications –NetWare Shell –NETBIOS

Novell NetWare Features 80-bit addressnetwork.node MAC Interface address part of logical address Multiple LAN encapsulations supports multiple logical networks Novell RIP is default routing protocol SAP advertises network services GNS packets help clients find servers

Novell Protocol Details Distance Vector –Novell RIP Uses ticks (network delay) and hop count 15 hops is maximum Updates sent every 60 seconds Link-State –NLSP – Netware Link Services Protocol

IPX Addresses DIX – Digital, Intel, & Ethernet worked on Ethernet Standards prior to IEEE standard Get from Network Administrator Telnet to neighbor router –Show Protocols –Show IPX Interface

Novell IPX Frame Ethernet_ or earlier –Ethernet RAW –802.3 IPX Ethernet_ or later LLC IPX Ethernet_IIEthernet/IPX –Standard Ethernet header Ethernet_SNAP LLC »SNAP IPX »Used with TCP/IP and AppleTalk

Novell/Cisco Names EthernetE_802.3novell-ether »E_802.2 sap »E_II arpa »E_SNAP snap Token RingToken-Ringsnap »Token Ring_SNAPsnap FDDIFDDI_SNAPSNAP »FDDI_802.2SAP »FDDI_RAWNOVELL-FDDI

Cisco/Novell Cisco supports all Novell encapsulations –Can tell the difference between packet types –Can support multiple encapsulations on single LAN INTERFACE Must configure multiple logical networks –Multiple IPX encapsulations support reduces equipment expenses, minimizes configuration complexity, and eases migration

IPX Packet Format Checksum Length Transport Control Packet Type Destination Network; Destination Node Destination Socket Source Network; Source Node & Socket

Simple Split Horizon Routing updates sent to a neighbor should not contain information about routes learned from that neighbor Load Sharing is used when the distance vector metric for ticks and hop counts is identical –Improves network performance

SAP Each service has a SAP identifier –4 file server; 7 print server; 24 remote bridge Updates sent every 60 seconds Routers build tables based on SAP broadcasts Cisco router does not respond to GNS but will supply server address from its SAP table

GNS Broadcast from client needing services Netware Server and Cisco router get request –Can distribute clients evenly among available servers –Can support serverless LAN segments –Provides network-based load sharing Assumes servers are identical NetWare servers provide GNS response

Novell IPX Configuration Global Configuration –IPX Routing IPX routing [node address] –If no node address, Cisco uses MAC address of interface –Address must be specified if there are only S0 ports –Configures round-robin load sharing over multiple equal metric paths –Default is 1; maximum is 512 –Load Sharing Interface Configuration –Network numbers –Encapsulation Type

Assigning IPX Network Numbers Ipx routingselects IPX for routing IPX maximum-paths 2load sharing 2 paths Interface ethernet 0.1first sub-interface Encapsulation novell-etherEthernet_802.3 IPX network 9enetwork number assigned to E0.1 Encapsulation sapspecifies Ethernet frame format

IPX Monitoring Show ipx interfaceipx status and values Show ipx routerouting table contents Show ipx serversIPX server list Show ipx trafficNumber & type packets Debug ipx routing activityRIP update Debug ipx sapSAP update Pingnode information

Show IPX Interface Tick metric can be set manually –Use ipx delay number Cisco router defaults –LAN interfaces1 tick –WAN interfaces6 ticks

IPX Tables Codes –C – directly connected to primary network –C - directly connected to secondary nw –R – route learned from RIP –E – Route learned from EIGRP –S - Statically defined route –W – Directly connected route via IPXWAN

IPX Routing Tables Total IPX routes Maximum number of parallel paths Routing protocol in use Network number Delay/Metric Network.node address Age – elapsed time; Uses – number of lookups Ethernet 0 interface to be used Encapsulation frame type – HDLC SAP SNAP Novell-ether

IPX Servers Show ipx servers [sorted] [name|net|type] –CodesP server learned during updates –Hserver is down –Sserver is defined statically –Iserver learned using SAP Incremental Total IPX Servers Table Order, Type, Name, Network number Node Address, etc.

Show IPX Traffic Packets Received Number of format errors Number of checksum errors Number of bad hop counts Number of pitched packets Number packets sent to local destination Number of multicast packets

Debug ipx sap [events|activity] Displays information about IPX SAP packets SAP responses –0x1general query –0x2general response –0x3GNS request –0x4GNS response

IPX Ping Ipx network.node –!Received –..network waiting for reply –Uunreachable –Ccongestion –Iinterrupted –?Unknown packet type –&packet life exceeded