 24 Jan 2013  Open Notability app.  Click on + sign next to unfiled.  Title it Science. Click done on keyboard.  Tap on Science and create a new note.  Use the drawing tool to answer today’s JQ.  Check out your earlobes. Detached lobes are DOMINANT over attached lobes. Using the letter “D or d”, write down your phenotype and possible genotype for this trait.

A journey through genetics

On a mission to the planet Gorgonzola, you encounter a new variety of life never before seen. You decide to bring a sample back to Earth to study this interesting new life form.

Your job is to determine how traits are passed on from parents to their offspring in this alien population.

 Safari, SpringLakeParkSchools.org  Search “Schwach”  Under Seventh Grade Life Science, Alien Alleles, get the following document and save to Pages:  Heredity Chart 1

 Open the Coin Toss App.  Heads is DOMINANT, Tails is recessive.  In Heredity Chart 1, fill in the results of your flip for each of the following traits: TraitOptions for PHENOTYPE DOMINANT TRAITRECESSIVE TRAIT ColorBlueYellow EyesRoundSquare NoseTriangularOval GenderMale (Left side of room)Female (Right side of room) This goes in the chart “Parent (P1)”, under “Phenotype”.

Parent (P1) TraitPhenotypeGenotype Color Eyes Nose Gender

In Heredity Chart 1, fill in the name of your alien in the Parent (P1) box (page 2).

This first set of aliens is HOMOZYGOUS for all traits.

 Remember: The prefix “homo” means “the same.”  Homozygous means that both alleles are the same for a trait.  Examples: AA or aa

 Use the following information (Found on Heredity Chart 1) to fill in the genotype for each trait. Dominant Recessive  Color: BlueYellow  Eyes: RoundSquare  Nose: TriangularOval  Gender:Male=XY Female=XX

 Under the chart, use the shapes and tools in Pages to CREATE your alien.  Makes sure that the traits listed match the traits we see.  Decorate however you want. Be creative and have fun!!!

 Your teacher will pair your alien with one of the opposite gender (sit together).  Record your mate’s info on Heredity Chart 1 under “Mate (P1)”.  Write name, phenotype and genotype.  Then create this alien (you can recreate it OR find a way to have your partner send it to you!)

 25 Jan 2013  Using Notability, draw a Punnett Square. Purple is dominant over white for pea plant flowers.  Cross a heterozygous male with a homozygous recessive female.  Be sure to label the letters and traits.  What percent of offspring will be homozygous?  What percent of offspring will be heterozygous?  What percent will be purple? White?

 Punnett squares are used to predict the possible phenotypes and genotypes of offspring.  Remember, each organism carries two sets of genes (one from each parent).  When they reproduce, they pass down one of these two alleles to their offspring.

 First, place the genes of one parent on the top.  We use letters (any letter will do).  Capital letters represent dominant alleles, and lower case letters are recessive. A a

 Next, place the genes of the other parent on the side.  Again, capital letters represent dominant alleles, and lower case letters are recessive. A a A a

 Now, we distribute those same letters to the boxes below or next to them. A a AaAa We always write the dominant allele first! AAaAa AaAaa

AAaAa AaAaa  Punnett squares tell us the POSSIBLE genotypes and phenotypes of offspring  They can also tell us the CHANCES of that genotype or phenotype A a AaAa AA = dominant trait aa = recessive trait Aa = dominant trait Genotype Phenotype

 Next, complete a Punnett square for each trait, using your Alien (P1) and the mate (P1) as parents. This shows the POSSIBLE traits of offspring the parents could create.

Color Nose Eyes Gender

Complete this worksheet

 When your P1 aliens mate, they produce the F1 generation.  Remember, parents pass on one of their two copies of each gene to their children, or offspring.

Write the female’s genotypes here, one gene per box. Write the male’s genotypes here, one gene per box. Genotype Offspring Genotype Trait Of MomOf Dad From Mom From Dad Offspring Phenotype Color Eyes Nose Gender (X or Y)

Genotype Offspring Genotype Trait Of MomOf Dad From Mom From Dad Offspring Phenotype Color B B B Eyes Nose Gender (X or Y)  Under “from mom” put one gene that the offspring would receive from its mother.  Since the mother is homozygous for each trait, there is only one possible gene she could contribute.

Genotype Offspring Genotype Trait Of MomOf Dad From Mom From Dad Offspring Phenotype Color B Bb b B b Eyes Nose Gender (X or Y)  Repeat the process for the dad.  Under “from dad” put one gene that the offspring would receive from its father.

 These 2 genes make up the GENOTYPE for this trait.  Since genes determine the traits, the genotype tells us the PHENOTYPE, or feature, an organism has. Genotype Offspring Genotype Trait Of MomOf Dad From Mom From Dad Offspring Phenotype Color B Bb b B bBlue Eyes Nose Gender (X or Y) Finally, use these new genotypes to write down the traits: not Bb, but blue!

 If you find 2 dominant alleles, we call that “homozygous dominant”, and the organism would display the dominant trait.  ex: BB = Blue Homozygous=Same Dominant=Stronger

 If you find 2 recessive alleles, we call that “homozygous recessive”, and the organism would display the recessive trait.  ex: bb = Yellow Homozygous=Same Recessive=Hidden

 If you find 1 dominant and 1 recessive allele, we call that “heterozygous”, and the organism would display the dominant trait.  ex: Bb = Blue Heterozygous=Different

 Now that you know this offspring’s phenotype and genotype for each trait, create him or her and assign a fitting (and appropriate) name.  Make sure to use your chart to create offspring with the appropriate traits.

 Your teacher will group you with another student.  You will exchange your F1 alien with this person for mating.  Record your new mate’s information under “Mate (F1)”  You will have to check their chart to make sure you have the correct genotype/phenotype.  Create a picture of your mate.

 Next, create Punnett squares for each trait that their offspring could have.  Make sure you are using your F1 offspring as parents!

 When your F1 aliens reproduce, they will create the F2 generation.  Since your F1 aliens might be heterozygous for some traits, the way they pass genes gets a little more complicated.  You are going to flip a coin to decide which genes each parent passes down.

 Again, you will fill in the columns with the genes that mom and dad will pass down.  If the parent is homozygous (ex: BB, bb), they simply pass on one of these letters.  If the parent is heterozygous (ex: Bb), you must flip a coin to decide which gene will be passed down.

For color, I flip a coin for mom. If I get heads, I write B under “Mom”. Heads=dominant, Tails=recessive  Example: Mom=Bb Dad=Bb Then I try for dad. If I get tails, I write a b under “Dad”. Genotype Offspring Genotype Trait Of MomOf Dad From Mom From Dad Offspring Phenotype Color B bB b B bBlue Eyes Nose Gender (X or Y)

 Remember:  2 dominant alleles (ex: BB)= “homozygous dominant”, and the organism would display the dominant trait.  2 recessive alleles (ex: bb)= “homozygous recessive”, and the organism would display the recessive trait.  1 dominant and 1 recessive allele (ex: Bb)= “heterozygous”, and the organism would display the dominant trait. Remember: Dominant beats out recessive when they are paired.

 The F1 generation creates 2 babies, so you will create ANOTHER offspring (Offspring 1 and Offspring 2) from these same parents.  The outcome should be TWO unique offspring in the F2 generation.

 Create BOTH of your F2 offspring.  Make sure you are following your charts and creating aliens that match the genotype and phenotype that you have listed for each.  Label one with Offspring 1 (F2) and the other Offspring 2 (F2)—MAKE SURE IT CORRECTLY CORRESPONDS WITH YOUR CHARTS!

 Copy the questions onto your paper and respond with your answer. You may use your SN, the textbook, or your teacher as a resource.  NO TALKING or working together.  Explain the connection/relationship between genes, traits and DNA.  Explain why an organism looks/acts the way that it does? (How does it “get” its traits?)  Can traits ever be changed/altered-explain. Would this affect the offspring? Examples are AWESOME!