The Ottoman Empire Ottoman I. Intro A. Ottomans are: i. One of the greatest and most powerful civilizations of the modern world ii. Their moment of glory is one of the highest heights of creativity, optimism and artistry iii. Largest and most influential of all Islamic Empires iv. The end came in the twentieth century with the secularization of Turkey v. Name comes from Osman; in Europe, they called him Othman = Ottomans the name of Followers. vi. Absolute authority and monarchy

A.Suljuk Turks ( ) B.Small territory in western part of Turkey, about 1300, where Osman started to build power C. Mehmed II the Conqueror Constantinople - the last hold out of Christian/Byzantium Empire. II The Start

Mehmed II - Constantinople 1. Fell in days of Plunder 3. Bosphorus Straits connects the Marmara Sea to the Black Sea 4. Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) most important church in the east; the equivalent to St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome – a. Declared a Mosque – b. Salat the first Friday after capture 5. Renamed city Istanbul

Hagia Sophia

City of Istanbul

D.Sultan Selim I ( ) 1.Sultan means: _______________________ 2. Selim expanded Empire but his son Suleiman made it great. Selim I The Grim

Suleiman The Magnificent

Suleiman E. Suleiman was regarded as the most significant ruler of his time by both Muslim and European scholars

1. Suleiman the Just a. Greatest period of justice and harmony in any Islamic state b. He was named after the great Jewish King Solomon

2. Suleiman the Lawgiver a. The Law of Islam is written in the Koran but there are situational decisions that are not covered. This idea became very important to Ottoman Sultans. b. Suleiman wrote the “imperial laws” later to become known as Ottoman law.

3. Suleiman the Conqueror a. Called himself Caesar b. Saw himself as the Master of the lands of the Romans and Alexander the Great c. He believed Allah gave the entire world to him as a gift d. Major player in European politics (gave money to Protestant states to destabilize Europe)

4. Suleiman the Builder a. Building projects of bridges, mosques, and palaces that rival the greatest building projects of that century b. Sinan, the most brilliant Muslim architect in the Islamic world

Sinan Suleiman Mosque built in 1550’s in Istanbul, Turkey

Suleiman Mosque

5. The End of Suleiman a. Grows old and weary of politics and government b. Spends most of his days in seclusion c. Burdened with grief over the execution of his favorite son, Mustafa, who was caught and charged with treason d. Dies of old age while on the battlefield