Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Tools and Technologies lithic (stone) bone, tooth, horn / antler
Tools and Technologies lithic (stone) bone, tooth, horn / antler
Glossary osteo = "bone" donto = "tooth" keratic = "horn" osteodontokeratic
Glossary osteo = "bone" osteodontokeratic
Harappa (c B.C.) p. 466
Magdalenian bone artifact. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 332.
Glossary osteo = "bone" donto = "tooth" osteodontokeratic
Glossary osteo = "bone" donto = "tooth" keratic = "horn" osteodontokeratic
Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife, with inset flint blades. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 393.
Devon Island, High Arctic Canada.
Tools and Technologies lithic (stone) bone, tooth, horn / antler
Stone Tools and Technologies basic types basic techniques of manufacture basic tool uses Upper Paleolithic traditions lithic tools
Stone Tools and Technologies basic types basic techniques of manufacture basic tool uses Upper Paleolithic traditions lithic tools
Glossary tradition horizon
Glossary similarity of elements over considerable time in a delimited area –site, locality or region tradition
Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)
p. 330 Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)
Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.
Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p Solutrean
Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.
Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.
Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.
Source: Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p Magdalenian
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving.
Glossary tradition horizon
Glossary similarity of elements over a large area during a “short” time span horizon
Time line for New World Civililzations. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 479.
Glossary characteristic item that marks an identifiable horizon horizon marker
Toltec-style serpentine columns and Chacmool. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p Toltec serpentine columns Toltec chacmool
Glossary flake tools core tools
Glossary flake tools the smaller pieces struck off of a stone
Core and flake. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.
Major types of North American Paleo-Indian projectile points. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p ClovisFolsomPlanoDalton
Burin. Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.
Glossary what is left over after a flake has been struck off of a stone core
Core and flake. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.
Stone Tools and Technologies basic types basic techniques of manufacture basic tool uses Upper Paleolithic traditions lithic tools
#1 pebble tools
Glossary rounded stone (pebble) struck with a similar stone (hammerstone), which creates a jagged edge, that serves as a chopping edge pebble tools aka “choppers”
Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominids. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p sometimes pebble tools are also known as “Oldowan choppers”
#2 Core and flake tools are “bifacial handaxes”
Glossary Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes
Glossary Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes
bifacial handaxes Abbevillian aka “primitive” hand axes
Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 115.
Glossary Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes
Acheulean bifacial handaxes
Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominids. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 298.
Acheulian biface (“hand axe”). Richard Effland, Maricopa CollegeMaricopa College
Acheulian biface (“hand axe”). Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 278.
Acheulian tools, mainly hand axes, from Olorgesailie, Kenya. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 278.
Glossary Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes
#3 blade tools
Glossary a flake tool that is at least twice as long as it is wide a thin-edged fragment removed from a core blade tool
Burin. Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.
Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.
Glossary having a notched edge or sawlike teeth serrated
Glossary with a furrow or groove fluted
Life Nature Library, Early Man, p fluting
#4 microliths
Glossary small stone tools usually produced from narrow blades punched from a core “micro” = “small” “lith” = “stone” microliths
Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 213.
Glossary made of several parts e.g., harpoon, sickle, hammer... compound (composite)
European Mesolithic stone axe in its antler sleeve, Shaped to fit into the socket of a missing wooden handle. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 389.
Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife, with inset flint blades. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 393.
Glossary with a “handle” hafted
Clovis fluted points in simulated mountings. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 384.
Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 106.
Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 114.
Glossary “spear thrower” (Nahuatl, Aztec) atlatl
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving.
#5 chopper copping and flake tools
Glossary “chopper-chopping [flake] tools”...
Movius Line
Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed, p Movius Line
To Class Slides Set 22 Next: Tools and Technologies II Making and Using Lithic Tools