Genetics Why your family is messed up?. Gregor Mendel Father of Modern Genetics Pea Plants Monk.

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Presentation transcript:

Genetics Why your family is messed up?

Gregor Mendel Father of Modern Genetics Pea Plants Monk

Gregor Mendel Alternative versions of genes (alleles) account for variation

Gregor Mendel For Each Character, an organism inherits two alleles

Gregor Mendel If the two alleles are different, One is dominant and one is recessive

Gregor Mendel The two alleles segregate during gamete production

Sex-linked On the X chromosome Colorblindness Hemophilia Muscular dystrophy

Sex Influenced On a autonomic chromosome but affected by what sex you are Male pattern baldness

Blood Types

Linked Genes On a autonomic chromosomes near each other Red hair / freckles

Pleiotropy One gene has multiple effects Sickle-cell anemia

Epistasis A gene at one location alters the phenotypic expression of a gene on a second location Fur color

Polygenic Characters vary in a population along a continuum Skin Color

Recessively Inherited Traits Must inherit genes from both parents to display trait Albinism Tay-Sachs Cystic Fibrosis

Dominately Inherited Traits Must inherit genes from only one parents to display trait Achondroplasia Huntington’s disease

Fetal Testing

Nondisjunction Aneuroploidy

Human Disorders Down’s Syndrome Turner’s Syndrome Klinefelter’s Syndrome Trisomy X Syndrome

Cloning

Changes in Spatial Pattern Homeobox

Changes in Spatial Pattern Homeotic Genes (Hox Genes) position information

Changes in Spatial Pattern

Changes in expression patterns of four Hox genes over time

Stem Cells A Cell that’s job has not been determined Early embryonic Stem Cells Blastocyst Embryonic Stem Cells Fetal Stem Cells Umbilical Stem Cells Adult Stem Cells

Stem Cells For each new application of stem cell technology, we must consider: What are the benefits? What are the risks? Whom will the technology help? Does it have the potential to hurt anyone? What does this mean for me? For my family? For others around me? Why might others not share my view?

Stem Cells Ethical, legal and social issues. Ethical issues are those that ask us to consider the potential moral outcomes of stem cell technologies. Legal issues require researchers and the public to help policymakers decide whether and how stem cell technologies should be regulated by the government. Social issues involve the impact of stem cell technologies on society as a whole.

Cancer Causing Genes Oncogenes Proto-oncogene Tumor Suppressor Genes Faulty Tumor Suppressor Genes