Chapter 3: Classical Civilizations : India Objectives Examine the indicators of civilization, including writing, labor specialization, cities, technology, trade, and political and cultural institutions in early civilizations Trace the development and assess the achievements in the arts, sciences and technology of early river civilizations, including those around the Huang-He (China), Indus (India), Nile (Egypt), and Tigris-Euphrates (Mesopotamia) rivers

Patterns Trace the patterns of early India

Aryans India’s great diversity within and among religions, people and political forms had its roots in Aryan dominance Tight levels of social control, introduced by the Aryans, contributed to the development of the caste system India’s geographic position between the other great societies of the east and west encouraged trade Geography also encouraged forms of cultural mixing

Active Link The Indian region was the most active among several cultures Buddhism became a bigger influence outside of India than inside Indian artistic and architectural styles affected SE Asia as well Indian stories like “Sinbad the Sailor” were passed on to the Arabs and then Europeans Probably the most universal effect was the introduction of “Arabic” numerals “Arabic” numerals are today’s world standard form of expressing mathematics