Malcolm Knowles

Background Born in 1913 in Livingston, Montana Worked 9 years as Practioner/Administrator with YMCA Worked 8 years as Executive Director of the Adult Education Association Worked almost 20 years as professor of Adult Education Forced to retire in 1979 Died in 1997

Theory Andragogy –learning strategies focused on adults

Assumptions & Processes Increasing self- directedness Learners resource for learning Developmental tasks of social roles Immediacy of implementation Problem Centered Mutual self-diagnosis Mutual Negotiation Problem units Experimental techniques Mutual measurement of program Collaborative

Assumptions Need to know why they need to learn something Need to learn experimentally Approach learning as problem-solving Learn best when topic is off immediate value

Principles Need to be involved Experience Immediate relevance Problem-centered

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Factors for Successful Adult Learning Programs Students feel safe and supported Foster intellectual freedom Encourage experimentation & creativity Students treated as peers by instructor Student opinions honored & appreciated Self-directed learning Intellectual challenge Active involvement Regular feedback

Motivation Social relationships External expectations Social welfare Personal advancement Escape/stimulation Cognitive interest Barriers

Curriculum Design Less interested in survey courses Integrate new ideas with what is known Conflicts with existing knowledge Self-directed/self-designed learning projects Books, tv, & programmed instruction more popular Self-direction != isolation

Examples Carla A. Downing, Ph.D Gerry Czarnecki reading from his book Lead with LoveGerry Czarnecki reading from his book Lead with Love "Would Malcolm Knowles Use Twitter"