CIVILIZATION

 Understand the shift from independent Agricultural Villages to complex cities and civilizations  Recognize and understand the 5 characteristics of a civilization Objectives

From Villages to Cities

 Plentiful food supply  Advanced farming tools  Irrigation systems  Craft specialization  Widespread trade  The Wheel and the Sail How did this transition take place?

 Social Status  Socioeconomic status  Power structures  More organized religion Social Impact

 A complex culture with: advanced cities; specialized workers; complex institutions; record keeping; improved technology Civilization

 Cities are centers of trade for a large geographic area  Raw materials came from the hinterlands and were traded for finished goods in markets Advanced Cities

 Specialization- the development of skills in a specific kind of work  Blacksmiths, potters, making clothing, etc.  Artisans- skilled workers who make goods by hand Specialized Workers (Craft Specialization)

 Institution- long-lasting pattern of organization in a community  Systems of ruling  Government, laws  Religion  More formal institution with defined roles and positions of power  Economy  Trade and barter systems  Establishing value of goods and services Complex Institutions

 Need to record increasingly complex institutions and food supply  Gov. officials needed to keep track of taxes, amount of food surplus and laws  Priests needed to keep track of calendars and rituals Record Keeping

 Early systems  Pictographs  pictures that represented words  Knots  Colored strings  Notches on wooden sticks  Etc. Record Keeping Methods Writing- characters that represent sounds A=eh B=bee

+ = COLORADAN

 Sumerians- 3,000 BCE  Scribes invented Cuneiform (“wedge- shaped”)  Sharp reeds were pressed into wet clay which was then allowed to bake in the sun  Eventually used to record cultural events as well as records. First Writing Established

 Domesticated animals for work  Ox-drawn plows  Irrigation systems  No longer had to rely on natural sources of water  3,500 BCE potters wheel  3,000 BCE combining copper and tin to make BRONZE  Bronze Age- tools and weapons made of bronze Improved Technology

Gallery Walk Review