Review  AAAEELKH  EHELKAAA  Egypt  Hyksos  Egypt (broken into parts)  Libya  Kush (Piankhi)  Assyrians  Aksum takes over Meroi where the Kush went to  Assyrians

Time Line (Do Not Write)  B.C. Middle Kingdom  2000 – 1000 B.C. Egypt dominated Kush  2000 B.C. Nubian kingdom Kerma  1900 B.C. Hittites in Asia Minor  1800 B.C. Abraham to Canaan  1650 B.C. Descendants of Abraham moved to Egypt  1640 – 1570 B.C. Hyksos ruled Egypt  1600 B.C. Egypt’s power restored  1570 – 1075 B.C. New Kingdom  1570 – 1365 B.C. 18th Dynasty  1500 – 1200 B.C. Hebrews Exodus  1472 B.C. Hatshepsut declared pharaoh  1458 B.C. Thutmose III becomes pharaoh  1425 B.C. Thutmose III dies  1400 B.C. Egyptians’ conquest Syria and Palestine  1290 – 1224 B.C. Ramses II reign  1285 B.C. Battle at Kadesh  1200 B.C. Egyptian decline  950 – 730 B.C. Libyan pharaohs ruled Egypt  751 B.C. Piankhi overthrew Libyan dynasty  751 – 671 B.C. Kushite dynasty  671 B.C. Assyrians conquer Egyp  250 BC – 150 A.D. Meroe prospers  350 A.D. Aksum defeats Meroe

Section 2 The Assyrian Empire

A Mighty Military Machine  850 B.C.

The Rise of a Warrior People  Arrived from Northern Mesopotamia  Flat land that was constantly attacked caused them to become skilled militarily  Assyrian King Sennacherib was ruthless in his pursuit of expansion.

Military Organization and Conquest  Military strength glorified  Soldiers wore advanced clothing, advanced weaponry  Advanced style of fighting.  Discuss pontoons, city walls and they way they attacked.  Relief pictures portrayed their attacks

The Empire Expands  850 – 650 B.C. Syria, Palestine and Babylonia defeated

Assyrian Rule  650 B.C. height of power  Closest lands became provinces and dependent territories  Lands brought taxes and tributes

Assyrian Culture  Great builders  King Sennacherib built Nineveh  Worlds largest library  King Ashurbanipal collected over 20,000 clay tablets, including the Epic of Gilgamesh A view of Nineveh, Assyrian capital on the Tigris River

Imperial Palace of Nineveh, capital of Assyria

Interior of Sennacherib's palace in Nineveh The six-sided Sennacherib Cylinder This is a six-sided clay prism found at Nineveh. It is inscribed with an account of eight military campaigns of Sennacherib king of Assyria.

The ziggurat at Nineveh in Assyria -- not the palace- the temple

Nineveh today- its hard to imagine that this was once the capital of the ancient world

The Empire Crumbles  After Ashurbanipal's death Nineveh falls.  Why? 1. Too large of an area to cover 2. Many enemies

Decline and Fall  612 B.C.  Medes and Chaldeans burned and leveled Nineveh

1. The Destruction of Nineveh 2. King Nabopolassar of Babylon in 612 BC leads his troops out of the Ishtar Gate to join King Cyaxeres of Media in an attack against the Assyrians. 4. They pursued the Assyrians who fled the battle field seeking the protection of the walls of Nineveh. King Nabopolassar led the charge. 5. Their armies laid seige to Nineveh, pounding its gates and scaling its walls 3. King Nabopolassar was right in front of the Gates of Nineveh leading the assault. 6. The Assyrians had impaled the bodies of several of the Babylonian and Median slain soldiers in front of their walls hoping to instill fear but it only caused them to fight harder.

1. They finally breached the city walls. 2. As they poured through the walls, one of the Babylonian generals led his calvary around the rear of the city and routed the fleeing Assyrians. 3. A heavy war chariot pursues the fleeing Assyrians. 4. They sacked the city and left it in flames. Thus ended the Assyrian Empire.

Rebirth of Babylon Under the Chaldeans  Babylon becomes capital  Nebuchadnezzar restores city  Hanging gardens  Chariots could race on top of the wide walls  7-tiered ziggurat, 300 feet high  Priests observed the stars from top of the tower, these became the basis for both astronomy and astrology

 Empire falls after Nebuchadnezzar's death. Persians come into power.