The Atlantic Slave Trade Chapter 16 section 4

Key Terms Plantation Triangular Trade Middle passage Olaudah Equiano

The Atlantic Slave Trade Shortage of labor Needed large numbers of workers Plantations- estates where cash crops such as sugar or tobacco were grown on a large scale First used Native Americans

The Atlantic Slave Trade European diseases killed millions 1600’s plantations used indentured servants People worked for a set amount of time to pay for their passage These workers were expensive to support

The Atlantic Slave Trade Millions of Africans were taken to the Americas before slave trade ended in the 1800’s Most came from west Africa, Senegal, and Angola Some slaves exchanged for firearms, others were kidnapped

The Atlantic Slave Trade Captured slaves were marched to ships Triangular Trade First leg were ships carrying goods to Africa Goods exchanged for slaves Middle Passage-Africans brought to the Americas to be sold as slaves Third carried rice, sugar, and tobacco to Europe

Middle Passage Terrifying ordeal Africans were chained together Forced into dark quarters below deck Packed so tight they could not sit or stand Journey lasted three to six weeks

Middle Passage 10-20 percent did not survive the voyage Those who reached the Americas were then auctioned off Olaudah Equiano- wrote about the condition Stench was so bad Women shrieking People moaning and dying

Slavery in the Colonies Slaves taken to Americas Spanish took slaves to the Caribbean Portuguese took millions to Brazil English took most of their slaves to the West Indies Brought large numbers to the colonies

Slavery in the Colonies

Living Conditions Most slaves worked on plantations Others worked in mines, in towns, and in the countryside Skilled crafters continued their craft Carpenters Metal workers Coopers Women give domestic duties

Living Conditions Had to meet their basic needs in a short hours after the workday Daily tasks Cooking Mending clothing Tending to the sick Had to fit around the work of the slaveholder

Living Conditions Were harsh Owners and overseers inflicted physical and degrading punishment for minor offenses Many slaveholders lived in fear of rebellion

Resistance Laws considered slaves as property Had no rights or freedoms Slaveholders controlled living conditions Slaves endured brutal treatment and abuse Coped with inhumane conditions

Resistance Some tried to keep their culture alive Some turned to religion for a better life Some fought back by Slowing down their work Some destroyed equipment Some revolted Some ran away

Effects of the Slave Trade Lasted for 400 years Estimates of 15-20 million slaves were shipped to the Americas Millions more to Europe, Asia, and the Middle East Millions died from marching to the coast and on slave ships

Effects of the Slave Trade Slavery deprived millions of their freedom and doomed their descendants to slavery Captured many of the strongest and future leaders African waged war their own people and neighbors to gain captives

Effects of the Slave Trade Forced labor did not enrich Africa African labor built the economies of American colonies Knowledge of agriculture led to growth of the rice industry