4/7/14

 I. FDR’s Pre-War Foreign Policy  Philippines granted independence w/Tydings- McDuffie Act of US could still keep military bases and troops on the islands.  Why? 1.US in period of isolationism. 2.It was too expensive.

  FDR formally recognized the Soviet Union in  Why? 1.Hope of trade. 2.It would be a diplomatic buffer against the threat of Germany and Japan. I. FDR’s Pre-War Foreign Policy

  Good Neighbor Policy- Adopted by FDR in the 30’s, it was a promise to stay out of Latin America to build a strong Western Hemisphere alliance against the rising dictatorships in Europe and Asia. I. FDR’s Pre-War Foreign Policy

  Fascism- political ideology that places the concerns of the nation and race above the individual’s.  Totalitarianism- leadership has TOTAL control over every aspect of government and life. Both were on the rise in Europe during the crisis of the Great Depression! II. Fascism Rising in Europe

 1. Benito Mussolini takes power in Italy in  Called Il Duce (the leader)  Supporters known as “black shirts” used intimidation for support.  Invaded Ethiopia in 1935, setting off worldwide worries of war. II. Fascism Rising in Europe

 2. Francisco Franco takes control of Spain after the Spanish Civil War of  Franco is aided by Mussolini and Hitler.  FDR, staying strictly neutral, does not give any aid to the republicans… Spain turns fascist. II. Fascism Rising in Europe

 3. Adolf Hitler seizes power in Germany in  Called Führer (supreme leader)  Nazi Party blamed Jews, foreigners, and communists for the German loss of WWI and the depression.  Promised Germany “lebensraum” or living room by military expansion.  Rearmament of Germany greatly improved economic conditions for the average German. II. Fascism Rising in Europe

  Rearmed and occupied the Rhineland on the French border.  March German annexation of Austria  September Munich Conference gives Germany the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia.  Appeasement- The belief that Hitler could be kept peaceful by giving him what he wanted. III. Hitler Ignites WWII

  March Hitler invades Czechoslovakia  August Soviet Non- Aggression Pact (Alliance between Germany and Soviets)  Directly results in the invasion of Poland September 1,  September 3, Britain and France declare war on Germany. III. Hitler Ignites WWII

  Hitler launches “blitzkrieg” (lightning war) on Belgium, the Netherlands, France, and Norway. III. Hitler Ignites WWII

  June 22, Hitler betrays Stalin and attacks the Soviet Union.  FDR pledges aid, and the Soviets join the allies. III. Hitler Ignites WWII

  Congress passed Neutrality Acts which limit U.S. involvement in the war.  Roosevelt asked Congress for $1.3 billion for military spending in He wanted to be ready if the U.S. entered the war.  Meanwhile, FDR broke tradition when he ran for a 3 rd term in  Why? U.S. needed experienced leadership during crisis. IV. U.S. Response

  The Lend-Lease Act was passed in March  It would lend weapons, tanks, and war munitions to the Allies.  Sparked a debate between isolationists and internationalists.  Directly challenged world dictators.  Neutrality was officially abandoned. IV. U.S. Response

  The Holocaust, which would eventually kill upwards of 6 million Jews and other “undesirables” went largely ignored by the United States: only a small amount of Jews were saved.  Why did we do nothing?  After U.S. entrance into the war in December 1941, FDR was worried attacks on concentration camps would divert crucial military resources.  He felt like winning the war quickly would save more lives. IV. U.S. Response

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  Japan needed to expand. It had limited natural resources and agricultural land.  Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931, and mainland China in  Roosevelt responded by putting an embargo on oil, gas, and rubber bound for Japan.  Needing supplies, Japan took French Indochina in  Americans knew war with Japan was imminent, but they expected an attack in Malaya or the Philippines. The attack on Pearl Harbor came as a great surprise. V. Meanwhile in Japan…

 VI. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 2,887 Americans Dead

  December 7, A date which will live in infamy.infamy VI. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

 USS Arizona

 Admiral Yamamoto FDR signs declaration of war