Reconstruction. Time period after the Civil War when the south was rebuilt.

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Reconstruction

Time period after the Civil War when the south was rebuilt

Reconstruction Lasted From That would be 12 years and involved four presidents !

What were some of the problems facing newly freed African Americans?

Freedom! Limitations/Needs Facing The Freedmen They Need Housing They Need Food They Need Clothing They Need Jobs

What were some of the new opportunities facing African Americans?

Freedom! The Joys Move/Travel Freely Founded Schools Establish Religion Marry Legally Own Land

Who was responsible for addressing the freedmen issues?

13 th Amendment ABOLISHED SLAVERY!

14 th Amendment Gave African Americans citizenship

The Fourteenth Amendment Guarantee rights as citizens Guaranteed citizenship to every person born in the U.S. Made each person a citizen of the state Defined specific rights of citizens – Protected them against power of state governments

The Fourteenth Amendment Due process of law Threatened to deprive states of representation in Congress – Three-fifths clause abolished – Reduce representation if adult males not permitted to vote

15 th Amendment Voting!

The Fifteenth Amendment Forbade states from excluding citizens from voting “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” – Does not guarantee the right to vote Women Poll taxes Literacy tests Property qualifications

Sharecropping Farmers who kept part of the crop in return for their labor

Sharecropping A landowner allows person to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land (50% split), but... Anything borrowed and/or rent also had to be paid with the remainder of the crop

Tenant Farming Farmers who paid rent on their land Only slightly better…these farmers have purchased their own equipment and only rent the land.

Result of Sharecropping and Tenant farming… CYCLE OF DEBT

Carpetbaggers Northern Republicans who moved south

Freedmen’s Bureau Succeeded in helping supply clothing, medical care, food and education to many freed people

Freedmen’s Bureau School

Students standing outside a freedmen’s school known as James’ Plantation School (North Carolina)

As a Result, the Freedmen’s Bureau Could not overcome Southern hostilities Lacked political support from both Northern and Southern government officials Ended in 1872

Black Codes/Jim Crow Laws Limits rights and opportunities Limits jobs to farm work or unskilled labor Set curfews Establishes punishments for vagrancy (not working)

Black Codes Southern states restricted the rights of former slaves by make laws (called black codes).

Goals of the KKK prevent African Americans from exercising their rights

KKK Rally in Delmar, DE 1920

During Reconstruction… Many blacks were elected into government!

Black Politics Blacks “flocked” to Republican Party (1,465 black men held political office in the south) Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels (Mississippi US Senator) 14 in House of Reps. and 6 Lt. Gov Many were well qualified- some wealthy and a few were former slave owners

Black Politics Black Politicians demanded: 1.Civil Rights (equal access) 2.Equal pay and treatment in the labor force 3.Land and property protection Blacks staged sit-ins and strikes Ultimately, disagreements amongst themselves, lack power and support to affect a change…