PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART C 5 The Skeletal System

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column  Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location  There are 24 single vertebral bones separated by intervertebral discs  Seven cervical vertebrae are in the neck  Twelve thoracic vertebrae are in the chest region  Five lumbar vertebrae are associated with the lower back

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column  Nine vertebrae fuse to form two composite bones  Sacrum  Coccyx

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column Figure 5.14

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column  The spine has a normal curvature  Primary curvatures are the spinal curvatures of the thoracic and sacral regions  Present from birth  Secondary curvatures are the spinal curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions  Develop after birth

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column Figure 5.15

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A Typical Vertebrae, Superior View Figure 5.17

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18a

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18c

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18d

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Homeostatic Imbalances of the Spine  Herniated Discs  Abnormal Curvatures  Fractures and spinal cord injuries Images: WebMD

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column- Abnormal Curvatures Figure 5.16

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sacrum and Coccyx  Sacrum  Formed by the fusion of five vertebrae  Coccyx  Formed from the fusion of three to five vertebrae  “Tailbone,” or remnant of a tail that other vertebrates have

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sacrum and Coccyx Figure 5.19

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Bony Thorax  Forms a cage to protect major organs  Consists of three parts  Sternum  Ribs  True ribs (pairs 1–7)  False ribs (pairs 8–12)  Floating ribs (pairs 11–12)  Thoracic vertebrae

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Bony Thorax Figure 5.20a

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Appendicular Skeleton  Composed of 126 bones  Limbs (appendages)  Pectoral girdle  Pelvic girdle

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Appendicular Skeleton Figure 5.6ab

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle  Composed of two bones  Clavicle—collarbone  Scapula—shoulder blade  These bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Shoulder Girdle Figure 5.21a

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Shoulder Girdle Figure 5.21b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Shoulder Girdle Figure 5.21c–d

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Upper Limbs  Humerus  Forms the arm  Single bone

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Upper Limbs  The forearm has two bones  Ulna  Medial bone in anatomical position  Radius  Lateral bone in anatomical position

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Upper Limbs  The hand  Carpals—wrist  Metacarpals—palm  Phalanges—fingers