Mammal characteristics Soft anatomy Skin glands (sweat, scent, sebaceous) Lactation Hair Diaphragm 4-chambered heart High metabolic rate Hard anatomy (i.e.,

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Mammals Donald Winslow Zoology 12 April Characteristics of mammals Synapsid skull, hair, keratin, follicles Glands: sweat, scent, sebaceous, and.

Advertisements

The origin and rise of mammals

1 Class Mammalia BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson.

Mammals!!! NB #159 Write this on your own paper.

Lecture 3 – Mammalian Diversity: Mesozoic Mammals & Monotremes

Phylogeny of Birds – Class Aves

Skeletal system includes both:

Skeletal System:Axial Skeleton

The Axial Skeleton Forms longitudinal axis of the body 80 bones

The Skeletal System: Axial Division

By William T. Kratz.  historical research of the whale  fossil records  related species geographic distribution  whale evolution video.

Introduction Amniotes appear in Paleozoic era (Pennsylvanian of Carboniferous) Sauropsida—gave rise to turtles, lizards, snakes, dinosaurs, and birds Synapsida—gave.

Mammalian characteristics: Cranial (skull) features.

Bird Vocab Quiz- Study Vocab!!!!

MAMMALS. All mammals have two notable features: hair and mammary glands. -In females, mammary glands produce milk to nourish the young. In addition to.

Open note quiz: amphibians & reptiles

Chapter 32.1 By: Rose, Ashley, Katelyn, and Tony

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Summary of Events Fossil Record Fossils Most found in marine sedimentary rock Three requirements: 1) need hard parts, e.g., shell, bone, teeth,

The Evolution of Middle Ear Bones in Mammals

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia SZ2- Students will explain the evolutionary history of animals over the geological.

Mammal + ology = ? Mammalology ? Mammology ? Mammalogy !!!

The Advantage of Being a Furball: Diversification of Mammals.

(Norway)(Alberta, CA). Craseonycteris thonglonyai Bumblebee bat

See Monotremes Eutherians Metatherians.

Life in the Mesozoic (cont.) The Age of Dinosaurs.

206 BONES OF THE HUMAN BODY.

Lehra Bogino, Justin Drake, Kellie Snooks.  Adaptive radiation is the evolution of an animal or plant group into a wide variety of types adapted to specialized.

The Axial Skeleton Chapter 7.

Reptilia A Very Brief History Reptiles: What are they? n Possess an amniotic /cleidoic egg. –Amnion –Chorion –Allantois –Yolk sack –Reptilian/Monotreme.

Mammals – Part I VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY (VZ Lecture29 – Spring 2012 Althoff - reference PJH Chapter 18) Bill Horn.

A. Origin of Mammals The first mammals appeared about 230 million years ago, during the Triassic period.

The Origin and Early Evolution of the Mammals

Mammalia. Mammal Evolution Mammals are believed to have evolved from Reptiles during the late Triassic period: 200 mya.

Anatomy and Physiology Axial Skeletal System Review.

Hannah Reagan 3 rd period.  Class Mammalia  Have hair and mammary glands (produce milk to nourish the young)  Also, mammals breathe air, have four-

(Over) Simplified Phylogeny of Basal Synapsida

Amniote skulls. TrirachodonCynognathus Therapsida – advanced cynodonts Probainognathus.

Mesozoic Vertebrates 1. Palaeogeographic context 2. Reptile phylogeny 3. Synapsids 4. Diapsids 5. Carrier’s Constraint 6. Dinosaurs.

Comparative Anatomy Higher Amniotes

Mammal + ology = ? Mammalology ? Mammology ? Mammalogy !!!

Chapter 43 Mammals Section 1 Origin and Evolution of Mammals.

Mammalogy Mammalian Origins. What is a mammal and why did they evolve? We have a number of problems: Ectothermy is very efficient. Reptiles experience.

PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii The Axial Skeleton.

Cranial Bones Facial Bones Cranial Bones 1 frontal bone1 occipital bone 2 parietal bones1 sphenoid bone 2 temporal bones1 ethmoid bone Cranial bones.

Skeletal System:Axial Skeleton

Recent animal phylogenies use molecular data and result in a different looking tree Tree built using protein or gene sequences Need to use a gene(s) that.

Skeletal organization

The parade of the craniates

Early Mammal Evolution -did not occur in a vacuum -lots of abiotic & biotic factors -Examine early mammal evolution in the context of the geological time.

Animals 3-1 New Phylum- ChordataNew Phylum- Chordata Members of this phylum are called chordates Members of this phylum are called chordates All chordate.

Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity Biology 201 Python consuming deer. Python vs. Alligator.

Reptiles EQ: What are reptiles?.

Mammals!!! NB #159 Write this on your own paper.

Section 4: Chordate Evolution

Mammalian characteristics

Trait Pelycosaurs Therapsids Cynodonts

Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity

Trends in the evolution of mammals

Class Mammalia.

I don’t expect you to know this, but knowing

Pelycosaur cladogram.

Diversity of Life Part III: Vertebrates.

MAMMAOGY LABORATORY 1 SKULL and SKELETON

Discovery of Mammalian Diversity

Lecture 3 – Mammalian Diversity: Mesozoic Mammals & Monotremes

206 BONES OF THE HUMAN BODY.

MAMMALS read chapters 2 and 4.

Presentation transcript:

Mammal characteristics Soft anatomy Skin glands (sweat, scent, sebaceous) Lactation Hair Diaphragm 4-chambered heart High metabolic rate Hard anatomy (i.e., in fossil record) Three ear ossicles Single bone in mandible Complex teeth (heterodont & diphyodont)

TrirachodonCynognathus Therapsida – advanced cynodonts Probainognathus

Jaw evolution – pelycosaur to mammal

Secondary Palate

Procynosuchus Probainognathus Canis Primitive cynodont advanced cynodont modern mammal premaxilla maxilla palatine

PELVIS & HIND LIMB Posterior Lateral Pelycosaur Dimetrodon Therapsid Thrinaxodon

HEAD ARTICULATION occipital atlas - axix condyle Pelycosaur Dimetrodon Therapsid Thrinaxodon Mammal Felis

Feeding 1) expansion of temporal opening, elaboration of jaw muscles 2) reduction in post-dentary jaw bones, “second” jaw articulation 3) tooth specialization (heterodonty) Breathing 1) secondary palate 2) reduction in lumbar ribs, formation of ribcage (& diaphragm?) 3) nasal turbinals (temp. & water conservation) Posture & locomotion 1) double occipital condyle, atlas & axis 2) enlargement of limb girdles 3) specialization of lumbar & sacral regions 4) vertical orientation of limbs 5) formation of a heel bone Hearing 1) reduced size & flexible attachment of post-dentary 2) reduction in size of stapes MAMMALIAN “GRADE” TRENDS IN CYNODONTS

LOBE-FIN AMPHIBIAN PELYCOSAUR FISH MAMMAL AMPHIBIAN CYNODONT Evolution of the ear

Synapsids -- size and position of stapes Sphenacodont pelycosaurs Advanced cynodonts

Synapsids – reduction of post-dentary jaw elements ( lateral views) Dimetrodon primitive theriodont primitive advanced cynodont cynodont Morganucodon primitive therian

Therapsid – mammal ear transition

Sorex (Recent shrew) – ear region TYMPANIC (angular) MALLEUS (articular)

Synapsids -- jaw machanics

Trithelodont (Ictidosaur) Jaw mechanics - development of double articulation

Early mammal (or proto-mammal?) Morganucodon (late Triassic)

MORGANUCODONTS vs ADVANCED CYNODONTS

CONTRASTS BETWEEN LATE TRIASSIC VERTEBRATES EARLY DINOSAURS medium-large sized herbivores & carnivores probably diurnal, some endothermic CROCODILES small-medium sized, carnivores LATE THERAPSIDS Small-medium sized, probably nocturnal herbivores (tritylodonts) insectivores (ictidosaurs) carnivores (cynodonts) EARLY MAMMALS Very small Insectivores probably nocturnal, endothermic

Coelophysis (carnivorous dinosaur) Tritylodon (herbivorous therapsid) Morganucodon (insectivorous “mammaliaform”) 3 meters 1 meter 10 cm Plateosaurus (herbivorous dinosaur) 10 meters LATE TRIASSIC VERTEBRATES

Late Permian (250 mya) Late Triassic (210 mya) Pelycosaurs & early therapsids (worldwide) Cynodonts (worldwide) Earliest mammals (Laurasia)

Late Jurassic (150 mybp) Late Cretaceous (70 mybp) Diversification of early mammals (Eurasia & N. Amer.) Origin & diversification of therians (worldwide) Isolation of southern groups