The Crusades

What’s Wrong? Priests were marrying & having familiesPriests were marrying & having families Bishops sold positions in the church to raise moneyBishops sold positions in the church to raise money Kings appointed church bishopsKings appointed church bishops

Church Reforms Enforced laws against marriage & the selling of church positionsEnforced laws against marriage & the selling of church positions Development of canon law, or church law (marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc.)Development of canon law, or church law (marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc.) Collection of titheCollection of tithe

Identify… Holy Land:Holy Land: Jerusalem; point of contention during the CrusadesJerusalem; point of contention during the Crusades Seljuk Turks:Seljuk Turks: Turkish people who practiced IslamTurkish people who practiced Islam

Identify… Urban II:Urban II: Catholic pope that began the CrusadesCatholic pope that began the Crusades Crusaders:Crusaders: Christians that fought during the CrusadesChristians that fought during the Crusades

In 1093, the Seljuk Turks threatened to conquer Christian lands in Europe… The Initial Spark

Religious zealReligious zeal The hope for prestige, wealth & landThe hope for prestige, wealth & land The desire for adventureThe desire for adventure Motives…why join?

Motives…of Church? Reclaim the Holy LandReclaim the Holy Land Increase powerIncrease power End fighting between Christian knightsEnd fighting between Christian knights

“God wills it!”“God wills it!” Significance:Significance: Crusaders felt that they were doing God’s will; provided a moral justificationCrusaders felt that they were doing God’s will; provided a moral justification The Battle Cry?

The First Crusade Crusader armies captured Jerusalem and massacred Muslim & Jewish residentsCrusader armies captured Jerusalem and massacred Muslim & Jewish residents

As a result of their victory, Christians divided Jerusalem into 4 small feudal states; Edessa, Antioch, Jerusalem & TripoliAs a result of their victory, Christians divided Jerusalem into 4 small feudal states; Edessa, Antioch, Jerusalem & Tripoli The First Crusade

Crusader armies attempted to recapture Edessa, a Christian city that had been captured by the MuslimsCrusader armies attempted to recapture Edessa, a Christian city that had been captured by the Muslims Crusaders were DEFEATEDCrusaders were DEFEATED The Second Crusade

“Crusade of Kings” Crusader armies unsuccessfully attempted to recapture Jerusalem The Muslims agreed to reopen Jerusalem to unarmed Christians The Third Crusade TRUCE!

Results of Crusades BITTER LEGACY OF RELIGIOUS HATRED (Both Christians & Muslims committed horrible crimes in the name of religionBITTER LEGACY OF RELIGIOUS HATRED (Both Christians & Muslims committed horrible crimes in the name of religion Increased trade (new items, new trade routes, etc.)Increased trade (new items, new trade routes, etc.)

Growth of a money economy (the Crusades had to be FUNDED by $$$)Growth of a money economy (the Crusades had to be FUNDED by $$$) Results of Crusades

The feudal system DECLINES & monarchs become STRONGERThe feudal system DECLINES & monarchs become STRONGER Pope LOSES powerPope LOSES power Results of Crusades

Many of the later Crusades proved unsuccessful; therefore, many people started to lose faith in the Catholic Church, as well as its leader…Many of the later Crusades proved unsuccessful; therefore, many people started to lose faith in the Catholic Church, as well as its leader… And Finally…