Experiments with an Ultracold Three-Component Fermi Gas The Pennsylvania State University Ken O’Hara Jason Williams Eric Hazlett Ronald Stites John Huckans.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Creating new states of matter:
Advertisements

Trapped ultracold atoms: Bosons Bose-Einstein condensation of a dilute bosonic gas Probe of superfluidity: vortices.
John E. Thomas Students: Joe Kinast, Bason Clancy,
Dynamics of Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensates
18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics Santos – SP – Brasil - Agosto Global variables to describe the thermodynamics.
Bose-Bose Mixtures: atoms, molecules and thermodynamics near the Absolute Zero Bose-Bose Mixtures: atoms, molecules and thermodynamics near the Absolute.
Ultracold Quantum Gases: An Experimental Review Herwig Ott University of Kaiserslautern OPTIMAS Research Center.
Experiments with ultracold atomic gases Andrey Turlapov Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhniy Novgorod.
Ultracold Alkali Metal Atoms and Dimers: A Quantum Paradise Paul S. Julienne Atomic Physics Division, NIST Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/U. Md 62 nd International.
Universal Thermodynamics of a Unitary Fermi gas Takashi Mukaiyama University of Electro-Communications.
World of ultracold atoms with strong interaction National Tsing-Hua University Daw-Wei Wang.
The Efimov Effect in Ultracold Gases Weakly Bounds Systems in Atomic and Nuclear Physics March , 2010 Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität.
Rydberg physics with cold strontium James Millen Durham University – Atomic & Molecular Physics group.
Competing instabilities in ultracold Fermi gases $$ NSF, AFOSR MURI, DARPA ARO Harvard-MIT David Pekker (Harvard) Mehrtash Babadi (Harvard) Lode Pollet.
Strongly Correlated Systems of Ultracold Atoms Theory work at CUA.
Observation of universality in 7 Li three-body recombination across a Feshbach resonance Lev Khaykovich Physics Department, Bar Ilan University,
Universality in ultra-cold fermionic atom gases. with S. Diehl, H.Gies, J.Pawlowski S. Diehl, H.Gies, J.Pawlowski.
Temperature scale Titan Superfluid He Ultracold atomic gases.
Ultracold Fermi gases : the BEC-BCS crossover Roland Combescot Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
Stability of a Fermi Gas with Three Spin States The Pennsylvania State University Ken O’Hara Jason Williams Eric Hazlett Ronald Stites Yi Zhang John Huckans.
New physics with polar molecules Eugene Demler Harvard University Outline: Measurements of molecular wavefunctions using noise correlations Quantum critical.
Lecture II Non dissipative traps Evaporative cooling Bose-Einstein condensation.
Dynamics of Quantum- Degenerate Gases at Finite Temperature Brian Jackson Inauguration meeting and Lev Pitaevskii’s Birthday: Trento, March University.
Studying dipolar effects in degenerate quantum gases of chromium atoms G. Bismut 1, B. Pasquiou 1, Q. Beaufils 1, R. Chicireanu 2, T. Zanon 3, B. Laburthe-Tolra.
What Do Ultracold Fermi Superfluids Teach Us About Quark Gluon and Condensed Matter Wichita, Kansas March 2012.
Universal thermodynamics of a strongly interacting Fermi gas Hui Hu 1,2, Peter D. Drummond 2, and Xia-Ji Liu 2 1.Physics Department, Renmin University.
T. Koch, T. Lahaye, B. Fröhlich, J. Metz, M. Fattori, A. Griesmaier, S. Giovanazzi and T. Pfau 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart Assisi.
Ultracold Fermi gases University of Trento BEC Meeting, Trento, 2-3 May 2006 INFM-CNR Sandro Stringari.
Experiments with ultracold atomic gases
Strongly interacting scale-free matter in cold atoms Yusuke Nishida March 12, MIT Faculty Lunch.
Experiments with Trapped Potassium Atoms Robert Brecha University of Dayton.
Three-body recombination at vanishing scattering lengths in ultracold atoms Lev Khaykovich Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Observation of an Efimov spectrum in an atomic system Matteo Zaccanti LENS, University of Florence.
Towards a finite ensemble of ultracold fermions Timo Ottenstein Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg 19th International IUPAP Conference.
Efimov Physics in a Many-Body Background
Few-body physics with ultracold fermions Selim Jochim Physikalisches Institut Universität Heidelberg.
E. Kuhnle, P. Dyke, M. Mark, Chris Vale S. Hoinka, Chris Vale, P. Hannaford Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia P. Drummond, H. Hu,
Lianyi He and Pengfei Zhuang Physics Department, Tsinghua U.
Elastic collisions. Spin exchange. Magnetization is conserved. Inelastic collisions. Magnetization is free. Magnetic properties of a dipolar BEC loaded.
Efimov Physics with Ultracold Atoms Selim Jochim Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics and Heidelberg University.
Physics and Astronomy Dept. Kevin Strecker, Andrew Truscott, Guthrie Partridge, and Randy Hulet Observation of Fermi Pressure in Trapped Atoms: The Atomic.
Experimental study of Efimov scenario in ultracold bosonic lithium
Triatomic states in ultracold gases Marcelo Takeshi Yamashita Universidade Estadual Paulista - Brazil  Lauro Tomio – IFT / Unesp  Tobias Frederico –
Trap loss of spin-polarized 4 He* & He* Feshbach resonances Joe Borbely ( ) Rob van Rooij, Steven Knoop, Wim Vassen.
Efimov physics in ultracold gases Efimov physics in ultracold gases Rudolf Grimm “Center for Quantum Optics” in Innsbruck Austrian Academy of Sciences.
Collaborations: L. Santos (Hannover) Former members: R. Chicireanu, Q. Beaufils, B. Pasquiou, G. Bismut A.de Paz (PhD), A. Sharma (post-doc), A. Chotia.
Prospects for ultracold metastable helium research: phase separation and BEC of fermionic molecules R. van Rooij, R.A. Rozendaal, I. Barmes & W. Vassen.
Experimental determination of Universal Thermodynamic Functions for a Unitary Fermi Gas Takashi Mukaiyama Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO University.
Ultracold Helium Research Roel Rozendaal Rob van Rooij Wim Vassen.
Unitarity potentials and neutron matter at unitary limit T.T.S. Kuo (Stony Brook) H. Dong (Stony Brook), R. Machleidt (Idaho) Collaborators:
Pairing Gaps in the BEC-BCS crossover regime 15/06/2005, Strong correlations in Fermi systems Cheng Chin JFI and Physics, University of Chicago Exp.: Rudolf.
Condensed matter physics in dilute atomic gases S. K. Yip Academia Sinica.
B. Pasquiou (PhD), G. Bismut (PhD) B. Laburthe, E. Maréchal, L. Vernac, P. Pedri, O. Gorceix (Group leader) Spontaneous demagnetization of ultra cold chromium.
D. Jin JILA, NIST and the University of Colorado $ NIST, NSF Using a Fermi gas to create Bose-Einstein condensates.
An atomic Fermi gas near a p-wave Feshbach resonance
Rotating FFLO Superfluid in cold atom gases Niigata University, Youichi Yanase Tomohiro Yoshida 2012 Feb 13, GCOE シンポジウム「階層の連結」, Kyoto University.
Precision collective excitation measurements in the BEC-BCS crossover regime 15/06/2005, Strong correlations in Fermi systems A. Altmeyer 1, S. Riedl 12,
Dipolar relaxation in a Chromium Bose Einstein Condensate Benjamin Pasquiou Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers Université Paris Nord Villetaneuse - France.
Measuring Entropy and Quantum Viscosity in a Strongly Interacting Atomic Fermi Gas Support: ARO NSF DOE NASA* John E. Thomas Ken O’Hara* Mike Gehm* Stephen.
A Review of Bose-Einstein Condensates MATTHEW BOHMAN UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON MARCH 7,
Functional Integration in many-body systems: application to ultracold gases Klaus Ziegler, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg in collaboration with.
Phase separation and pair condensation in spin-imbalanced 2D Fermi gases Waseem Bakr, Princeton University International Conference on Quantum Physics.
Deterministic preparation and control of a few fermion system.
Extremely dilute, but strongly correlated: Experiments with ultracold fermions.
Center for Quantum Physics Innsbruck Center for Quantum Physics Innsbruck Austrian Academy of Sciences Austrian Academy of Sciences University strongly.
strongly interacting fermions: from spin mixtures to mixed species
TC, U. Dorner, P. Zoller C. Williams, P. Julienne
Magnetization dynamics in dipolar chromium BECs
Bose-Einstein Condensation Ultracold Quantum Coherent Gases
One-Dimensional Bose Gases with N-Body Attractive Interactions
Presentation transcript:

Experiments with an Ultracold Three-Component Fermi Gas The Pennsylvania State University Ken O’Hara Jason Williams Eric Hazlett Ronald Stites John Huckans

New Physics with Three Component Fermi Gases –Color Superconductivity –Universal Three-Body Quantum Physics: Efimov States A Three-State Mixture of 6 Li Atoms –Tunable Interactions –Collisional Stability Efimov Physics in a Three-State Fermi Gas –Universal Three-Body Physics –Three-Body Recombination –Evidence for Efimov States in a 3-State Fermi Gas Prospects for Color Superconductivity Overview

Color Superconductivity Color Superconducting Phase of Quark Matter –Attractive Interactions via Strong Force –Color Superconducting Phase: High Density “Cold” Quark Matter –Color Superconductivity in Neutron Stars –QCD is a SU(3) Gauge Field Theory –3-State Fermi Gas with Identical Pairwise Interactions: SU(3) Symmetric Field Theory BCS Pairing in a 3-State Fermi Gas – Pairing competition (attractive interactions) – Non-trivial Order Parameter – Anomalous number of Goldstone modes (He, Jin, & Zhuang, PRA 74, (2006)) – No condensed matter analog

QCD Phase Diagram C. Sa de Melo, Physics Today, Oct. 2008

Simulating the QCD Phase Diagram Rapp, Hofstetter & Zaránd, PRB 77, (2008) Color Superconducting-to-“Baryon” Phase Transition 3-state Fermi gas in an optical lattice –Rapp, Honerkamp, Zaránd & Hofstetter, PRL 98, (2007) A Color Superconductor in a 1D Harmonic Trap –Liu, Hu, & Drummond, PRA 77, (2008)

Universal Three-Body Physics New Physics with 3 State Fermi Gas: Three-body interactions –No 3-body interactions in a cold 2-state Fermi gas (if db >> r 0 ) –3-body interactions allowed in a 3-state Fermi gas The quantum 3-body problem –Difficult problem of fundamental interest (e.g. baryons, atoms, nuclei, molecules) –Efimov (1970): Solutions with Universal Properties when a >> r 0 db

Three States of 6 Li Hyperfine StatesFeshbach Resonances Interactions at High Field

No Spin-Exchange Collisions –Energetically forbidden (in a bias field) Minimal Dipolar Relaxation –Suppressed at high B-field Electron spin-flip process irrelevant in electron-spin-polarized gas Three-Body Recombination –Allowed for a 3-state mixture –(Exclusion principle suppression for 2-state mixture) Inelastic Collisions

Making Degenerate Fermi Gases Rapid, all-optical production of DFGs –1 DFG every 5 seconds Load Magneto-Optical Trap –10 9 atoms –T ~ 200  K Transfer 5x10 6 atoms to optical trap Create incoherent 2-state mixture –Optical pumping into F=1/2 ground state –Noisy rf pulse equalizes populations Forced Evaporative Cooling –Apply 300 G bias field for a 12 = -300 a 0 –Lower depth of trap by factor of ~100 Crossed Optical Dipole Trap: Two 80 Watt 1064 nm Beams y = 106 Hz z = 965 Hz x = 3.84 kHz 1.2 mm U max = 1 mK/beam U f = 38  K/beam = 732 Hz

DFG and BEC 1.5 mm Absorption Image after Expansion 2-State Degenerate Fermi Gas BEC of Li 2 Molecules Absorption Image after Expansion 1 mm

Making a 3-State Mixture Populating 3 states –2 RF signals with field gradient B (Gauss) High Field Absorption Imaging –3 states imaged separately

Stability of 3-State Fermi Gas Fraction Remaining in 3-State Fermi Gas after 200 ms Fraction Remaining in 2-State Fermi Gases after 200 ms

Resonant Loss Features Resonance Resonances in the 3-Body Recombination Rate!

Universality in 3-body systems Vitaly Efimov circa 1970 (1970) Efimov: pairwise interactions in resonant limit 3-Body Problem in QM: Notoriously Difficult 6 coordinates in COM! Hyper-radius:, + 5 hyper-angles Hyper-radial wavefunction obeys a 1D Schrodinger eqn. with an effective potential!

Universal Scaling Vitaly Efimov circa 1970 (1970) Efimov: An infinite number of bound 3-body states A single 3-body parameter: Inner wall B.C. determined by short-range interactions Infinitely many 3-body bound states (universal scaling):

Universality with Large “a” Vitaly Efimov circa 1970 (1971) Efimov: extended treatment to large scattering lengths Trimer binding energies are universal functions of Diagram from T. Kraemer et al. Nature (2006)

Efimov Resonances Resonant features in 3-body loss rate observed in ultracold Cs T. Kraemer et al. Nature (2006) Resonance

Universal Predictions Efimov’s theory provides universal predictions for low-energy three-body observables Three-body recombination rate for identical bosons E. Braaten, H.-W. Hammer, D. Kang and L. Platter, arXiv: Note: Only two free parameters:   and   Log-periodic scaling

Measuring 3-Body Rate Constants Loss of atoms due to recombination: Evolution assuming a thermal gas at temperature T: “Anti-evaporation” and recombination heating:

Recombination Rate Constants (Heidelberg) (to appear in PRL) (Penn State)

Recombination Rate Constants Fit with 2 free parameters:  *,  * ( a eff is known)

Efimov Resonances

3-Body Params. in SU(3) Regime Unitarity Limit at 2  K

3-Body Params. in SU(3) Regime Unitarity Limit at 2  K

3-Body Params. in SU(3) Regime Unitarity Limit at 2  K

3-Body Params. in SU(3) Regime Unitarity Limit at 100 nK

Trap for 100 nK cloud Z y x Helmholtz arrangement provides B z for Feshbach tuning and sufficient radial gradient for atom trapping T = 100 nK T F = 180 nK x =  z y =  Hz z = 109 Hz N total ~ 3.6 x 10 5 Elliptical beam provides trapping in z direction Evaporation beams = 42 Hz k F a = 0.25 Quantum Degenerate Gas in SU(3) Regime

Prospects for Color Superfluidity Color Superfluidity in a Lattice (increased density of states) –T C = 0.2 T F (in a lattice with d = 2  m, V 0 = 3 E R ) –Atom density ~10 11 /cc –Atom lifetime ~ 1 s (assuming K 3 ~ cm 6 /s) –Timescale for Cooper pair formation

Summary Degenerate 3-State Fermi gas Observed “Efimov” resonances –Two resonances with moderate scattering lengths Measured three-body recombination rates Reasonable agreement with Efimov theory for a ~ r 0 –Fits yield 3-body parameters for 6 Li at low field Measured recombination rate at high field –Color superconductivity may be possible in a low-density gas

Thanks to Ken O’Hara John Huckans Ron Stites Eric Hazlett Jason Williams