Honors Biology Ch. 13 review & Posttest Bacteria & Viruses Cells & Diffusion

Viruses Structure – Protein capsid w/ DNA/RNA core Not alive! Need host cell to reproduce DNA Infects plants, animals, bacteria (all life) Lytic (short) vs. Lysogenic (long) – Cell dies Retrovirus (RNA  DNA) Reverse transcription No treatment(antibiotics), vaccines prevent Bacteriophage – infect bacteria only

Bacteria Shape – cocci, bacilli, sprilla Wall – Gram positive or negative Nutrition – organic, inorganic, photosyn – Oil eaters, mineral eaters, cyanobacteria(O 2 ) Prokaryote – no nucleus, organelles Lg. chromosome + plasmids (antibiotic res) Huge numbers (10x more than human cells)

Bacteria, cont… Treatment – antibiotics, vaccines – Overuse in agriculture, bacteria resistance up Probiotics (yogart) Archea – extremophiles(heat, salt,acid)

Cell Biology Membranes – lipids + proteins pumps Ribosomes – protein synthesis ER – transport proteins Mitochondria – makes ATP for cell energy Plants vs Animals Diffusion – high to low, no energy Active transport – low to high, energy needed