Objective Explain nutritional requirements for livestock and poultry breeds found in North Carolina

Digestive System of Cattle

Digestive System of Poultry

Swine Digestive Tract

Horse Digestive Tract

Major Classes of Nutrients Water: regulates body temperature, dissolves and transports nutrients. Protein: builds muscle

Major Classes of Nutrients Carbohydrates –Provides energy for animals –Make up about 75% of most animal rations –Corn and other cereal grains are the major source of carbohydrates

Major Classes of Nutrients Minerals –Calcium is on the major minerals and is found in ground limestone –Calcium is needed in poultry feed for eggshell development –Minerals are supplied by mineral supplements and are a primary aid in the development of bones and teeth

Major Classes of Nutrients Vitamins: are needed by animals in minute quantities to help all body functions –Help prevent diseases Fats: only small amounts of fat are required

Classes of feeds Concentrates are low in fiber and high in total digestible nutrients (TDN) –Cereal grains are the major source of most concentrates –Other sources include byproducts of grain and animals

Classes of feeds Roughages are high in fiber and low in TDN –Dry roughage is hay –Green roughage includes the pasture grasses

Classes of Feed Silage is a roughage that results from storage and fermentation of green crops

Deficiency Rickets: deformity of bones in young animals caused by a deficiency of calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D