BIOL 204 Lab For Week 9 Respiratory System Physiology and Histology

Objective 1Trachea - Histology Identify the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, the hyaline cartilage and smooth muscle (if visible)

Tracheal Epithelium

A lower magnification – tracheal cartilage

Objective 2Lung Tissue Identify bronchioles, alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts, bronchi and alveoli

Can You Tell The Difference?????

Objective 3Pressure/Volume Changes During Ventilation

If you pretend that the balloons are lungs, and that the latex sheet on the bottom is the diaphragm…….. What happens when you What happens when you push the diaphragm up? pull the diaphragm down?

Objective 4, 5 and 6Spirometry Can be used to measure lung volumes and calculate lung capacities

A Hand Held Spirometer is used to measure 1. tidal volume (TV) 2. expiratory reserve volume (ERV) 3. vital capacity (VC)

Use these values to calculate: Minute Respiratory Volume (MRV) = Tidal Volume X respirations/Minute Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) = VC – (TV + ERV) Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV + IRV

Predicted Vital Capacity Males = (height) – (age) – 3.60 Females = (height) (age) VC = vital capacity in liters H = height in centimeters A = age in years average measured VC % of predicted vital capacity = X 100 predicted value (from tables)

Objective 7Acid Base Balance Plasma buffers exist to maintain plasma pH between 7.35 and 7.45 NaHCO 3 (sodium bicarbonate) buffers H + and prevents acid fluctuations: NaHCO 3 + H + HHCO 3 + Na + (sodium bicarbonate) H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid) buffers OH - and prevents alkaline fluctuations: H 2 CO 3 + OH - HCO H + OH - (carbonic acid)

The respiratory system controls plasma levels of CO 2 and thus controls plasma levels of H 2 CO 3 : Hypoventilation leads to increased H 2 CO 3 and decreased pH and Hyperventilation leads to decreased H 2 CO 3 and increased pH