Organic Compounds Carbon compounds Made by living organisms A few carbon compounds are considered inorganic: carbon oxides, carbides, carbonates

Carbon Always share electrons Four covalent bonds

Organic Hydrogen Atoms near Carbon: nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, halogens Other carbon atoms – form chains, branches, rings, cage-like forms Millions of different carbon-based compounds have been identified

Hydrocarbons Contain only carbon and hydrogen How many are there?

FYI Cracking Break large chains of hydrocarbons Process: absence of oxygen needs a catalyst Gasoline Plastic products films synthetic fabrics

One Example

Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth before a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the gas inside. Water, sand and chemicals are injected into the rock at high pressure which allows the gas to flow out to the head of the well. In Michigan, fracking is done with CO 2 from coal plants. They pump the CO 2 into the ground instead of into the air. Less air pollution and it replaces the water, sand and chemicals. Put new coal processing plants directly on top of oil so they do not have to worry about delivery issues.

Recall Types of Covalent Bonds

Methane CH 4

Saturated Hydrocarbons All single bonds

Isomers Two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different molecular structures. How many ways can you arrange C 4 H 10 ?

C 4 H 10 Structural Isomers of Butane

FYI Stereoisomers

FYI Chirality

Saturated Isomers Propane C 2 H 6 Are there any isomers?

Pentane C 5 H 12 Draw all the isomers.

Isomers of Pentane

Shorthand Isomers

Naming Isomers of Pentane

Start with butane Replace one H with Cl 1-chlorobutane

Start with butane Replace one H with Cl 2-chlorobutane

Start with butane Replace one H with Cl 4-chlorobutane

Start with Butane Replace one H with Cl and another with Br 4-bromo-1-chlorobutane

Practice: Draw and Name Start with Butane 1.Bromine on #3 2.Bromine on #2 and Chlorine #3 3.2 bromines on #4

Practice 1.1-bromo-4-chloropentane 2.1-chloro-3-bromo-5-chloropentane 3.Name 4.Name

Polymer: repeated unit

MonoMono and Poly SaccharidePoly

Lipids (store energy) Saturated and Unsaturated Fats SaturatedUnsaturated