FORCE AND MOTION IN ELEMENTARY SCIENCE FARNQ1DT

FORCE AND MOTION If you push or pull on something, you are using force to try to move it or put it into motion. There are many examples of force and motion that we encounter in our daily lives. Below are a few examples.  Get out of bed  Walk to school  Open a door ts.cfm

FORCE Force – “Strength or energy exerted or brought to bear: cause of motion or change.” When we push or pull objects, we are applying force.

MOTION Motion – “an act, process, or instance of changing place.” When we move our legs to walk, we are putting them in motion.

Friction Gravity Push Pull Speed Velocity Acceleration Momentum FORCE VS. MOTION

DESCRIPTIONS OF FORCE The next few slides will gives descriptions of the different types of force that were listed on the last page.

FRICTION Friction – “The force that resists relative motion between two bodies in contact.” Friction occurs when you rub a balloon against your hair.

GRAVITY Gravity – “The gravitational attraction of the mass of the earth, the moon, or a planet for bodies at or near its surface.” A coconut falling from a tree is the result of gravity.

MAGNETISM Magnetism – “A class of physical phenomena that include the attraction for iron observed in a loadstone or magnet.” Magnets are attracted to many different types of metals.

DESCRIPTIONS OF MOTION The next few slides will give descriptions of different types of motion that were listed on Slide 6.

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION Sir Isaac Newton had three laws of motion. In the next few pages his three influential laws will be defined for you.

NEWTON’S 1 ST LAW “An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.”

NEWTON’S 2 ND LAW “Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).”

NEWTON’S 3 RD LAW “For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action.”

MOMENTUM Momentum – “A property of a moving body that determines the length of time required to bring it to rest.” A fast moving car struggles to stop quickly due to its forward momentum.

ACCELERATION Acceleration – “To cause to move faster.” The car accelerated to a high speed very quickly.

SPEED Speed – “The act of moving swiftly.” OR “The rate of motion.” A cheetah has the ability to run at a high rate of speed.

VELOCITY Velocity – “The rate of position along a straight line with respect to time.” A professional soccer player can kick a soccer ball with powerful forward velocity.

WEBSITE REFERENCES Dialogue For Kids: Force and Motion. Idaho Public Television. January 15, Idaho State Board of Education. July 2, Newton’s Laws of Motion. Georgia Louviere. October 24, Rice University. July 2,

DEFINITION REFERENCES “acceleration.” Merriam-Webster.com (2 July 2011) “force.” Merriam-Webster.com (2 July 2011) “friction.” Merriam-Webster.com (2 July 2011) “gravity.” Merriam-Webster.com (2 July 2011) “magnetism.” Merriam-Webster.com (2 July 2011) “momentum.” Merriam-Webster.com (2 July 2011) “motion.” Merriam-Webster.com (2 July 2011) “speed.” Merriam-Webster.com (2 July 2011) “velocity.” Merriam-Webster.com (2 July 2011)