Unit 3

 Object complement  Either… or and neither… nor  Subject-verb agreement Grammar and usage

Object complement 宾语补足语 宾语补足语对宾语作出进一步的补充说明。 They called her the Loulan Beauty. 在这句话中， her 是宾语， the Loulan Beauty 作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语 her 的情况。

Position V. + Object + object complement The inspector shot the drug-dealer dead. (= The drug-dealer was shot dead by the inspector).

--- What do you think about her performance? --- We consider that her performance is a big success. ( We consider her performance a big success. ) 请看例句：

--- What do people think about dogs? --- People believe that dogs are honest. ( People believe dogs to be honest. )

Usage An object complement  gives information about the object ；  can be a noun, a noun phrase, an adjective ；  can be a to-infinitive, a bare infinitive, or a prepositional phrase.

More examples with an object complement (1) We made him chairman of our Students’ Union. (2) I find the novel interesting and amusing. (3) Please keep the cat out. (4) I am often kept at home all day long on Sunday.

Find out similar examples with an object complement from the reading passage. (1) Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city! (2) Sven found the remains of buildings buried under the sand, together with a lot of treasures. (3) We found the ruins most interesting.

请看对话： --- I have got one ticket for Liu Xiang’s 110m hurdle race to be held in Nanjing. Either you or your desk-mate can have it. --- Is it on Saturday or on Sunday? --- It is on next Monday. --- Oh, what a pity. I am afraid neither I nor my desk-mate can enjoy it. either… or and neither… nor

(1) either … or… can be used to express the idea of alternatives. You can choose either A or B, which means you have two choices, i. e, you can choose any one of the two. (2) neither … nor… can be used to join two negative ideas together. Neither A nor B is proper in question one, which means A is not proper, and B is not proper either.

--- Which language can I use to write the speech? ( in English / in Chinese ) --- Whose fault is it? (not yours / not mine) --- You can write the speech either in English or or in Chinese. --- It is neither your fault nor mine. It’s your friend Jack’s fault.

More examples (1) Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you. (2) --- Do you like reading books or watching TV? --- Either will do. (3) Neither John nor Tom knows how to go skiing. (4) I tried two dresses, but neither fits me.

1. 当主语属于以下情况时，谓语动词要用单 数形式： 主语是单数名词或不可数名词时 主语是表示度量的词组、标题或名字时 词组或从句充当主语时 Subject-verb agreement 主谓一致

2. 当主语属于以下情况时，谓语动词要用复 数形式： 主语是复数名词时 主语是由 and 连接的两个或两个以上的词或 词组时

3. 当主语是 all of / most of / some of / half of / a part of + 名词 / 代词时，谓语动词的单、 复数形式与该名词保持一致。 All of us have attended the lecture about Pompeii. Most of lecture was about how the ancient city was discovered.

4. 当主语是 band, crowd, class, dozen, family, public 和 team 等集合名词时，如 果该集合名词表示一个组织或单位的概 念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果该集合 名词表示组织或单位里一些个体的概念， 谓语动词用复数形式。

5. 当用 either … or 、 neither … nor 、 not only … but also… 和 not …but… 连接句子 主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式和与其临 近的主语的单复数形式保持一致，称为 “ 就 近原则 ” 。 Either the team leader or the guides are looking after the students. Either the guides or the team leader is looking after the students.

6. 当有 together with 、 with 、 as well as 、 but 、 except 、 besides 、 rather than 、 including 、 along 、 along with 、 like 连接 并列主语时采取 “ 从前原则 ” 。 They, together with Tom are going to swim this afternoon. No one, but your parents was there then.

、 The teacher, including his students is going to visit these soldiers. A library, with eight thousand books was offered to the nation as a gift in To tell you the truth, I, as well as other students, am hungry.

Fill in the blanks with the right form of the give verbs. (1) ______ (have) your classmates finished their homework? (2) My friend and I _____ (want) to play outside after watching TV. (3) Most of the students _____ (prefer) English to Mathematics. Have want prefer Exercise

(4) ___________ (have) all of the cake been eaten up? (5) Collecting stamps _____ (be) one of his favorite pastimes. (6) _____ (be) your family a big one? (7) All my family _____ (get) up early in the morning. Have / has is Is get

(8) Neither his father nor his mother ______ (play) the piano. (9) The remains of the old castle _____ (be) destroyed in World War Two. (10) Not only Jim but also his Parents _____ (be) going to see you next Sunday. are were plays

Multiple choice 1. About eighty percent of the students in his class ______ below sixteen. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall. A. is B. are C. am D. be 3. A large quantity of water pipes ______ needed. A. are B. is C. has D. have B A A

4. How and why he ______ come to Princeton, New Jersey ______ a story of struggle, success and sadness. A. had…was B. had… are C. had… has D. had… have 5. Nobody but Jane and Mary ______ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known A B

高考链接 1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ______ saved for other purposes. （ 2011 安徽） A. is B. are C. was D. were D

2. One-third of the country _______ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______ black people. (2011 湖南 ) A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is A

3. The fact that so many people still smoke in public place _______that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. (2011 江苏 ) A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting B

4. Planning so far ahead ______ no sense — so many things will have changed by next year. (2011 全国 I) A. made B. is making C. makesD. has made C