Genetics Review!

What is the genetic material of all organisms made up of 2 twisted strands of sugar- phosphate and nitrogen bases? Question 1

DNA 1

What is a section of DNA located on a chromosome /controls traits? Question 2

Gene 2

What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring? Question 3

Heredity 3

Who is the father of genetics? Question 4

Mendel 4

An organism receives how many genes for each trait and from whom? Question 5

2 One from each parent 5

What is the gene that if present, its trait will always show up in the individual? (The allele is represented by a capital letter.) Question 6

Dominant RR or Rr 6

What is the weaker gene that may be hidden and not show up in the trait of an individual unless there are two of them? (The allele is represented by a lowercase letter.) Question 7

Recessive rr 7

If an organism has 2 dominant or 2 recessive genes it is said to be what? Question 8

Pure bred or Pure BB bb 8

If an organism has 2 different genes it is said to be what? Question 9

A Hybrid (Bb) Think of a hybrid car- runs on 2 different sources of energy 9

Another hybrid

If an organism has 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles it is said to be what? Question 10

Homozygous 10

Which is homozygous dominant, which is homozygous recessive, and heterozygous? RR Rr rr Question 11

Homozygous dominant- RR Homozygous recessive- rr Heterozygous- Rr 11

If an organism has 2 different alleles it is said to be what? Question 12

Heterozygous 12

Draw a Punnett Square - Make mom Pure TALL - Make dad SHORT Genotypes and Phenotypes of kids Question 13

Tt t t T T 13 Genotype- Tt Phenotype- 100% tall

Using the letter “H”: Draw a Punnett Square Cross two HYBRID parents Question 14

HHHh hh Hh H h 14

Looking at your Punnett Square: What is the probability of having offspring that are purebred recessive? Question 15

1:4 or 25% 15

What is the word used that means: a single letter that is written that represents a dominant or recessive trait passed from one parent Question 16

Allele 16

Write a genotype that says the offspring is purebred recessive Question 17

aa bb cc dd ee ff gg 17

Write a genotype that says the offspring is purebred dominant Question 18

AA BB CC DD EE FF GG 18

Write a genotype that says the offspring is a hybrid Question 19

Aa Dd Gg Nn Rr 19

Question 20 Set up and solve a punnett square from this information: Brown hair is dominant over blonde hair Brad and Angelina are expecting children very soon. Brad is pure for brown hair. Surprisingly, Angelina is also pure, but for blonde hair. How many children will be homozygous dominant? Homozygous recessive? Heterozygous?

Bb BB b b 20 Homozygous Dominant: none Homozygous Recessive: none Heterozygous: 4:4 or 100%

It is a word on the word wall… Can be passed down by one of your parents It is the allele that covers up the weaker allele Ex: tongue roller, widow’s peak Question 21

dominant 23

Question 24 Word on the word wall: Each parent provides one Comes in pairs Pair can be dominant, recessive, or both Ex: a or A

allele

Question 25 Word on word wall: Illustrates probability Genetic cross Shows allele combinations

Punnett square

Question 26 Word on word wall: Branch of science Study of heredity Explains how traits are passed down from parents

Genetics

Question 27 Word on word wall: Found in every cell DNA is located here 23 pairs of these

Chromosome

What is one of several possible forms of a gene?

allele

What is the physical appearance of an individual?

phenotype

When the genotype consists of a dominant and a recessive allele, the phenotype will be like what allele?

Answer: dominant

On average, how many offspring of heterozygous parents will be homozygous recessive?

ANSWER: 25%

How many chromosomes are in human body cells?

ANSWER: 46 OR 23 PAIRS

If 2 organisms have the same phenotype, does that mean they have the same genotype?

ANSWER: NO

In peas, yellow color is dominant to green. What will the colors of the offspring be between a homozygous yellow and a homozygous green? What would their genotypes/phenotypes be?

PHENOTYPE: THEY WILL ALL BE YELLOW Yy

Could two brown-eyed parents have a blue-eyed child? Explain by creating a punnett square!

ANSWER: YES, BECAUSE THEY WOULD BOTH HAVE TO BE HETEROZYGOUS (THEY BOTH HAVE TO CARRY A RECESSIVE ALLELE FOR BLUE EYES)

What are factors that control traits?

ANSWER: GENES

What is the gene makeup of a trait?

GENOTYPE

A blue eyed man both of whose parents were brown eyed, Marries a brown eyed woman whose father was blue eyed and whose mother was brown eyed. The man and this woman have a blue eyed child. What are the genotypes of all individuals listed.

Answer Dad’s dad- Bb Mom’s dad- bb Dad’s mom- Bb Mom’s mom- Bb or BB Dad-bb Mom- Bb Child- bb