“Other” Natural Disasters Sink Holes, Floods, Fires, and Droughts

History of Fire Since the beginning of time man has depended on fire for survival. Fires have been used to heat homes, cook foods, disinfect instruments, and generate power. A fire occurs as the result of a chemical reaction (when two chemicals interact causing an explosion at the atomic level) they grow with the addition of oxygen. Mention steam engines and coal engines both use a source of fire to operate.

Fires Fires can be caused by lightning, volcanic eruptions, droughts, hot weather, or even by humans Fires can spread quickly with fuel from dead branches, dry leaves, and rotting plants. During periods with little rain, a fire can spread even faster Fires: ground fires – burns grass and low lying vegetation surface fires – burns trunks of trees as well as low lying vegetation crown fires – burn through the top of trees brush fires – caused by people either on purpose or accidently *Think about what you smell, hear, or hear? *After teacher demonstration, why do you think that happened?

forest with periodical fires forest without periodical fires PROS keeps ecosystem in balance by clearing away dead and dying plants, making more room for new plants to grow scrub pines require fire to release their seeds so that new growth replaced the old, dead trees CONS damage natural resources destroy wildlife habitat destroy beauty of the environment can lead into increased soil erosion forest with periodical fires forest without periodical fires

How to put fires out Because fires are a result of a chemical reaction there are several different ways to put out a fire Water Fire extinguisher Fire blanket Stop, drop, and roll Sand Something VERY important to keep in mind is that fire’s need oxygen to survive so the LAST thing you want to do is blow out a fire or put it in front of a fan, you may make it bigger or spread it! Water: friction fires, brush fires, open flame, Arson NO CHEMICAL FIRES Fire Extinguisher: chemical fire and all other fires Fire blanket: certain chemical fires and all others Stop drop and roll: humans only animals cant roll around Use jar candle example to show the need for oxygen

Drought a drought can be classified as a long period of time with dry weather that can cause serious problems such as crop damage and/or water supply shortages. severity of a drought depends upon the degree of moisture deficiency, the duration, and the size of the affected area In Florida, we can measure our degree of droughts by the levels of water in Lake Okeechobee Complete K-O-E flow of water demonstration so students can see importance of water flow Complete water conservation activity so that students can feel the effects of

Droughts can cause farmers and people to be without a sufficient amount of water and can start water restrictions Crops and livestock can die without water can increase risk of fire *Remember* -water makes up about 75% of the Earth’s surface -water makes up about 70% of our own body

The great dustbowl of the1930’s During the 1930’s the western part of the United States suffered the greatest drought in the countries history. 70% of the land completely dried out and began to fly away like dust Bottom picture is of a giant ball/storm of dust traveling towards a city

Floods Flooding happens during heavy rains, when rivers overflow, when ocean waves come onshore, when snow melts too fast or when dams or levees break. Flooding may be only a few inches of water or it may cover a house to the rooftop. Floods that happen very quickly are called flashfloods.

Floods PROS seasonal flooding can be an important source for lands floods can recharge water supplies in dams and underground aquifers. Floods can distribute large amounts of water and suspended river sediment over vast areas. CONS Excessive water can destroy homes and endanger peoples lives People who are not properly prepared for floods or have an emergency plan risk their lives

Sink Holes Sinkholes are common where the rock below the land surface is limestone, carbonate rock, salt beds, or rocks that can naturally be dissolved by groundwater circulating through them. As the rock dissolves, spaces and caverns develop underground. Sinkholes are dramatic because the land usually stays intact for a while until the underground spaces just get too big.

Review Fire is a result of _______________ Fire needs _________ to survive This type of fire happens when you rub two things quickly together You should use ____ to put out an open flame fire A chemical reaction Oxygen Friction Chemical fire extinguisher or water

Review A period of extremely dry weather ____ Droughts put ____ in the atmosphere Droughts can kill (list 3) Droughts are caused by__________ Droughts also cause water levels to __ What is the lake that provides us with water? In Miami Dade we are under permanent ________ Drought Dust/dirt Animals, plants, vegetation, communities, soil, business A prolonged period of no rain Fall Okeechobee Water restriction

Review Excessive rain or severe weather can cause ____ Floods can be good and bad, why? _________ are floods that happen quickly floods Flashfloods Floods can be good because they can help replenish the lands soil and natural earth cycle. However, they can endanger peoples lives if they are not prepared.