Sit/Set Lie/Lay Rise/Raise Direct Objects Sit/Set Lie/Lay Rise/Raise

Sit / Set To sit: means to rest To set: means to place or to put Forms: Infinitive Present Past Present Past Participle Participle To sit sit(s) sat sitting (had) sat To set set(s) set setting (had) set

Two basic items for Sit / Set Both sit and set are irregular verbs and must be learned. Irregular Verbs do not add “ed” to the past tense (fall-fell). Usually the past tense and the past participle form are not the same (spoke- spoken) Examples: Infinitive Present Past Past Participle to run run(s) ran (had) run to know know(s) knew (had) known to bring bring(s) brought (had) brought

Two basic items for Sit / Set B. Set requires a direct object (in most cases) Examples: He is (sitting / setting) on the porch. There is no direct object in the sentence. Thus sitting is used. In addition, resting can be inserted for sitting. The librarian (sit / set) the books down. Because books is the direct object, the answer has to be set. In addition, put can be inserted for set. Unfortunately, there are times when to set will NOT have a direct object. Give full attention to the meaning of place or put. If placed can be inserted for set, use a form of to set.

Two basic items for Sit / Set Unfortunately, there are times when to set will NOT have a direct object. Give full attention to the meaning of place or put. If placed can be inserted for set, use a form of to set. Example: Fried chicken had been (sat, set) in the basket. placed

Rise / Raise To rise: means to go up (without help) To raise: means to go up (with help) Infinitive Present Past Present Past Participle Participle To rise rise(s) rose rising (had) risen To raise raise(s) raised raising (had) raised

Two basic items for Rise / Raised To rise is an irregular verb; its forms need to be mastered. To raise is a regular verb. B. Raise requires a direct object. Examples: The sourdough bread is (rising / raising). D.O. The charity organization (rose / raised) money for the needy. The flag had been (risen / raised) at sunrise.

Lie / Lay To lie: means to rest or recline To lay: means to place or to put (has, have, had) Infinitive Present Past Present Past Participle Participle To lie lie(s) lay lying (had) lain To lay lay(s) laid laying (had) laid Lie/lay is one of the most difficult concepts in English. The past tense of to lie and the present tense of to lay are the same.

Two basic items for lie / lay Lie/lay is an irregular verb and must be mastered. B. Lay will have a direct object. Examples: A pig is (lying / laying) in the mud. D.O. Adv. We (lay / laid) the envelope on your desk yesterday. To lay means to place. You can insert placed for laid in the sentence without changing its meaning. Thus in some cases, direct objects will be missing.

Exercise 8 She often (lies / lays) in the hammock to read. Cross out any prepositional phrases. Underline the subject once and the verb/verb phrase twice. Label any direct object(s) D.O. above the word(s). She often (lies / lays) in the hammock to read. The farmer’s daughter (rose / raised) a pig for her project. Candace (lay / laid) tile in the bathroom. Our mail was (lying / laying) on the kitchen counter. Have you (sat/ set) there long?

Exercise 8 6. Every afternoon, the retired man (lies / lays) by the pool. The crowd (rose / raised) its voice in protest. Waiter (sits / sets) his lunch by the door each evening. We had been (rising / raising) early. Father (lay / laid) the infant in the crib. Your paper is (lying / laying) by the front door. She (sat / set) quietly on the red velvet chair. The volunteer fire company (rose / raised) money for a new engine. Aunt Robyn (sits / sets) for a daily meditation. The clerk (lay / laid) my package on the counter.

Exercise 9 Cross out any prepositional phrase. Underline the subject once and the verb twice. Label any direct object(s) D.O. above the word. The race car driver (sat / set) the keys on the hood of the car. A gray horse was (lying / laying) in an open meadow. We (sit / set) down to eat lunch. Smoke (rose / raised) up the chimney. The baker (sat / set) the pie in the pantry. Applesauce bread was (rising / raising). Martin (sits / sets) his toothbrush in the medicine cabinet.

Exercise 9 8. The sun had (risen / raised) at six o’clock. Did Hannah (sit / set) the record for the long jump? 10. Our spaniel has (lain / laid) in that spot all afternoon. My dance partner (sits / sets) next to me in science class. We (lay / laid) the records on the stereo cabinet. A famous clothes designer was (sitting / setting) among many guest. Prices of shoes and socks have (risen / raised) in the last year. Mother and Dad (lay / laid) towels by the pool.