Modal verbs Modal verbs do not follow the pattern of normal verbs. They have no past or future and they do not take ‘s’ for the third person singular:

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Modal verbs Modal verbs do not follow the pattern of normal verbs. They have no past or future and they do not take ‘s’ for the third person singular: She can sing She cans sing (X).

Modal verbs When speaking in the past or future, we tend to use another verb with a similar meaning. For example: “She must leave” becomes “she had to leave” in the past tense and “she will have to leave” in the future.

Modal verbs It is also possible to follow the modal with have in order to change the tense. Thus, “I should eat some lunch” becomes “I should have eaten some lunch”. Note that in this case, the following verb is in the past participle.

Modal verbs Can and could act as pair modals, thus a statement using can in the present becomes could in the past. I can’t find my wallet I couldn’t find my wallet.

Modal verbs All modals form their negative by adding not. I shouldn’t eat chocolate I don’t should eat chocolat (X)

Modal verbs Also, all modals are followed by the base form of a verb without ‘to’. I could dance I could to dance. (X)

Modal verbs Modals are used in forming question tags. They are also used in forming short answers to question tags. In this case, the modal is always the same. You can’t pass me the salt, can you? Yes I can. You wouldn’t let me down, would you? No I wouldn’t.

You must bring your ID We have to take an exam She must get a good mark if she wants to pass Javier has to finish his homework

You needn’t bring your ID We don’t have to take an exam She doesn’t have to get a good mark in order to pass Javier needn’t come to the presentation today

Ought to / should /must You should take your umbrella Jane ought to be more considerate to Mark They musn’t get up late tomorrow You must read that book

Mustn’t / can’t You mustn’t drink and drive She can’t use the computer for the next few days.

can I can surf She can surf really well

could Back when I was in college, I could run 100 mts in 11 seconds I couldn’t ride a bike until I was 12.

Can / could / may Can I go to the bathroom? Could you pass the salt, please? May we get a brochure?

Can / could You can drop by later if you like. Some of you could stay out until late when you were really young.

May / might / could He may have lost the bus We might go to the cinema after we finish cleaning up. She could pass the exam if she studied a bit harder They might not come after all

Can’t It can’t be your sister driving that car, I saw her taking the bus. It can’t go on raining like this forever.

must He must have told her already, she seems quite cheered up. The concert must be over, the audience is beginning to leave.

Modal verbs AGONY AUNT I think he is back on drugs I’m 17 years old and have been with my 22-year-old boyfriend for around 6 months. We have always had a good time together and have always got on really well up until a few weeks ago when he started to act a little strangely. Over the past few weeks he’s been disappearing for a few days and no one has been able to contact him and when he has been around he’s been really paranoid and has been acting irrationally about everything. Up until a year ago my boyfriend was a cocaine addict but claims that he would never take drugs again because of the amount of things he lost when he was on the drugs, but with the way that he’s acting it makes me think that maybe he is back on cocaine. I really don’t know what to do because I love him so much and don’t want to lose him but if he is taking drugs again I don’t think that it would be a good idea to stay with him.

Modal verbs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gMnYKzJkik http://www.better-english.com/grammar/cancould.htm http://www.nohomers.net/content/fun/quiz/

Donuts. Is there anything they ______ do? Modal verbs Donuts. Is there anything they ______ do?

Donuts. Is there anything they can’t do? Modal verbs Donuts. Is there anything they can’t do?

God _______ be EVERYWHERE, right? (Homer as ADAM) Modal verbs God _______ be EVERYWHERE, right? (Homer as ADAM)

God cannot be EVERYWHERE, right? Modal verbs God cannot be EVERYWHERE, right?

Modal verbs If something goes wrong at the plant, blame the guy who can’t ____________

Modal verbs If something goes wrong at the plant, blame the guy who can’t speak English

I don't apologize. I am ______ Lisa, that's the way I am. Modal verbs I don't apologize. I am ______ Lisa, that's the way I am.

I don't apologize. I am sorry Lisa, that's the way I am. Modal verbs I don't apologize. I am sorry Lisa, that's the way I am.

Beer. Now there's a temporary _______. Modal verbs Beer. Now there's a temporary _______.

Beer. Now there's a temporary solution. Modal verbs Beer. Now there's a temporary solution.

Modal verbs And how is education supposed to make me feel smarter? Besides, every time I learn something new, it pushes some old stuff out of my brain. Remember when I took that home winemaking course, and I forgot how to __________?

Modal verbs And how is education supposed to make me feel smarter? Besides, every time I learn something new, it pushes some old stuff out of my brain. Remember when I took that home winemaking course, and I forgot how to drive?

Modal verbs All right, brain. You don't like me and I don't like you, but let's just do this and I _________ get back to killing you with beer.

Modal verbs All right, brain. You don't like me and I don't like you, but let's just do this and I can get back to killing you with beer.

Ah, beer, my one weakness. My Achille's heel, if you ______. Modal verbs Ah, beer, my one weakness. My Achille's heel, if you ______.

Ah, beer, my one weakness. My Achille's heel, if you will. Modal verbs Ah, beer, my one weakness. My Achille's heel, if you will.