PAMS XXVII Syndicate Presentations Syndicate 4 5 Sep 03

Syndicate Member List BG SIDHU Jassmohan Singh (India) Leader COL ROJPHIMPHUN Raksak (Thailand) Assistant MAJ CHOI Yong-Joon (Korea) Recorder MAJ RYAN James (Australia) Recorder BG KELLY Justin (Australia) Delegate S.COL TU Qiming (China) Delegate COL KANG Wooing-Sik (Korea) Delegate COL SOSORBARAM Chimeddorj (Mongolia) Delegate BG GURUNG Chhatraman Singh (Nepal) Delegate DD YANO Norvert (Palau) Delegate

Syndicate Member List MAJ PAPA Douglas (Papua New Guinea) Delegate LTC LOMEDA Jr. Jesus (Philippines) Delegate COL WONG Ann Chai (Singapore) Delegate MG EGODAWELE Karunaratne Banda (Sri Lanka) Delegate COL CLISSITT Nick (United Kingdom) Delegate COL SCULLY Timothy (United States) Delegate LTC CHAE Yeon-Seok (Korea) Observer LTC BOONTANONDHA Ukris (Thailand) Observer

Combating Transnational Threats Through Effective Regional Cooperation Syndicate 4 – Key Theme

PAMS XXVII Overview Syndicate 4 wishes to extend their thanks to the co-hosts of PAMS XXVII for a most successful seminar The theme of ‘Regional Cooperative Approaches to Meet Common Security Challenges’ was extremely well covered with the four separate topics The guest speakers gave very insightful and informative presentations, and gave a solid foundation for syndicate discussions Highlight of the week was the visit to the JSA Overall an excellent seminar We look forward to PAMS XXVIII in India!

Impact of Factors of Change Four factors of change are globalization, transnational threats, technology and demographics. Traditional roles of armies have been security of the nation (homeland defense) and military aid to the civil power. Likely future roles include the requirement for smaller integrated and agile task forces for internal security (in coordination with other government agencies such as police) and external security (with allies or coalitions of the willing). The impact on armies will be changes to force structure (agile and modular), equipment (modular, interoperable, upgradeable), and people (fewer, smarter). In all cases, the application of military force will become more complicated, as it must conform to an overall ‘whole of government’ approach to tackling transnational threats.

Preparing for Future Operations Armies must use existing force structures more effectively, and therefore soldiers must be able to do a whole range of tasks, and not just specialize in one area. Our approach to combined arms must be more flexible in this uncertain operational environment. The current military approach to training represents the industrial age ‘mass army’ approach to training. The complex operations of the future will require soldiers with a more rounded education, who are able to adapt quickly to changing situations. In-built versatility requires a more educative approach to be able to cope with a complex operational environment. All skills that soldiers possess will be used in a complex operation, but in a more rapid cycle. Our soldiers at the lowest level must accept scrutiny, have a desire to take responsibility, and have cultural and social awareness.

Interoperability Challenges Interoperability is not a goal in itself, but is a means to achieve an operational or strategic endstate Interoperability is a sliding scale, ranging from: –Low level interoperability – more suitable to peace support operations where ‘work around’ solutions are suitable (geographic boundaries, deployment of LO’s, etc). Capability of the coalition partner is matched to the threat. This type of interoperability is suited to ‘coalitions of the willing’ –High level interoperability – ability to trade joint and combined effects across boundaries. More suitable for the high end of the spectrum of conflict. This requires a combined HQ, compatible C4ISR, combined doctrine, etc. This implies a long standing alliance structure to enable these systems to be in place prior to a conflict. A high level of interoperability is only required if there is a need to fight at the high end of the spectrum of conflict with Alliance partners. Air and Maritime combined operations will, by their very nature require higher levels of interoperability than land operations.

Common Regional Security Challenges Transnational security threats like crime, terrorism, maritime piracy,arms trafficking, illegal migration, cyber crime etc, are emerging as key security challenges throughout Asia-Pacific Region. Centre of Gravity of terrorism shifting to South & SE Asia – Military ops in Afghanistan has led to ‘Displacement’ effect. Countries with limited law enforcing capabilities – prone to international terrorists networks. Maritime crime and piracy - ‘jurisdiction jumping’ trend - essentially a ‘crime of opportunity’ is threatening global shipping networks. Convergence of Transnational crime and Terrorism. Narcotics trafficking – Asia Pacific region changing from a producer/ exporter to a consumer.

Summary Nations can combat transnational threats only through effective regional cooperation. To adapt to the new security environment army force structure will need to be agile and modular, its equipment will need to be modular, interoperable and upgradeable, and it will have fewer but smarter soldiers. The complex operations of the future will require soldiers with a more rounded education, who are able to adapt quickly to changing situations. Common regional security challenges need to be understood in correct perspective and action taken to obviate them. A high level of interoperability is only required if there is a need to fight at the high end of the spectrum of conflict with Alliance partners. At the low end of the spectrum of conflict, effective work around solutions for interoperability are available.

Thank You !