The Human Population Chapter 9 Notes

Developed Nations have strong social support systems (schools, healthcare, etc.), diverse industrial economies, higher average incomes, slower population growth Ex. US, Japan

Developing nations have simple agricultural economies, lower incomes, few support systems, and more rapid population growth. Ex. Mexico, Haiti

When demographers study the populations of countries, how do developed and developing nations differ? Developed countries such as the US and Japan generally have higher average incomes, slower population growth, diverse industrial economies, and stronger social support systems. Developing countries have lower avg. incomes, simple and agricultural based economies, and rapid population growth.

Human Population over time Industrial Rev.

Population Growth by Region

What are 4 things demographers use to predict population sizes? A. Age Structures/Population Pyramids— distribution of ages at a certain time.

B. Survivorship—percentage of members of a group that are likely to survive to any given age

C. Fertility Rates—# of babies born each year per 1000 women or Total fertility rate is the avg. # of children a women has in her lifetime.

D. Migration—movement of individuals into or out of a country

Net Migration Flows

Why have death rates declined over the past 200 years? More people now have access to adequate food, clean water, and safe sewage disposal. Discovery of vaccines Life expectancy (1900 world avg. was 41; Today it is about 67) Infant mortality rate is declining because of parents’ access to education, food, fuel, and clean water….NOT money!!

Demographic Transition

Stage 1 Preindustrial condition Birth rate is High Death rate is High Stable population size Most of world until about 1700

Stage 2 Population Explosion—hygiene, nutrition, and education improve Death rates Low Birth rates remain High

Stage 3 Population growth slows/stabilizes Birth rate Low Death rate Low Industrial societies

Stages 4 and 5 Post Industrial societies Birth rate drops below replacement level so population begins to DECREASE (Japan)

What influence does the education of women have on reproductive rates? EDUCATED WOMEN HAVE LESS BABIES!! (usually ) Ecomonic independence Family planning methods Proper care for children increases chances they will survive

Problems of Rapid Population Growth Shortage of fuelwood—boil water/cook food Lack of infrastructure—local used for drinking as well as disposal of sewage (1 BILLION people worldwide lack safe drinking water) Space to Live—more houses mean less land to grow food (arable land)

Strategies for reducing pop. growth Reducing fertility rates by public advertising, economic incentives, or legal punishments ICPD Goals for 2015 (Int’l Conference on Pop. And Development) -universal access to family planning/reprod. health -reduce infant mortality rates to less than 35/1000 -reduce maternal mortality rates to less than 60/100,000 -Increase life expectancy to universal access to primary education China’s 1 child policy—lopsided genders

Predictions?