1 Applications--Biological, Medical, and Health Rational You ITRI-IEK-NEMS 2001/08/01 Source: IWGN (1999/09)

2 Current Scientific and Technological Advances (1) The molecular motor protein F1-ATPase. –Illustrated here is an experiment reported in Science, in which an actin filament is attached to a motor protein to provide load to and allow visualization of the motor rotation Source: IWGN (1999/09), Noji 1998,

3 Current Scientific and Technological Advances (2) Photomosaic of a DNA separation chip. Source: IWGN (1999/09), S.W. Turner,

4 Current Scientific and Technological Advances (3) The “Gene Gun,” a system that uses nanoparticles to deliver genetic material to transfect plant and animal cells. Source: IWGN (1999/09)

5 Microchip device for drug delivery --- Source: IWGN (1999/09), Macmillan Magazines Ltd.(1999)

6 R&D Investment and Implementation Strategies ‧ Fund basic science and technology development needed for future biotechnology, health, and national security (biowarfare, nanobiodevices, and survivability) needs. This must include basic research in the cell and molecular biology of the many naturally occurring nanomachines within cells. ‧ Fund efforts to train clinicians in the use of the emerging technologies and their integration into medical instruction. ‧ Promote funding in proposals with rapid turnaround times for exploratory, agile response to developing opportunities uncovered by advances in nanotechnology. ‧ Encourage interdisciplinary cooperation of academic, industrial, and Federal laboratories. ‧ Support coordinated research by teams that represent the required diversity of disciplines, at sufficient magnitude to make rapid progress. Source: IWGN (1999/09)

7 Priorities and Conclusions ‧ Exploratory research should be encouraged and new ideas promoted aggressively in the area of nanobiotechnology. ‧ A systematic investigation should be undertaken of natural structures with intrinsic patterns at the nanoscale, as well as in use of the identified nanoscale patterns for new materials and devices. ‧ Interaction of biomolecules with inert materials is an area of special interest both for medical application and for understanding the role of environment on the origin and evolution of life on Earth. ‧ It is important to support universities in interdisciplinary training of undergraduate and graduate students at the intersection of biological, physical, and engineering sciences. Source: IWGN (1999/09)

8 Special Attributes of Biological Systems Examples of biological systems Source: IWGN (1999/09), L. Jelinski; L. Pollack Examples of Current Achievements and Paradigm Shifts

9 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering Laser-guided transport of an individual spinal cord cell inside a hollow optical fiber. Source: IWGN (1999/09) Examples of Current Achievements and Paradigm Shifts

10 Biodetection--Canary sensor --- Source: IWGN (1999/09), Sankei Shimbun Examples of Current Achievements and Paradigm Shifts

11 Biodetection--Anthrax detection When the anthrax target is present, pairs of nanoparticles assemble together via the DNA filaments and change the color of the respective suspension Source: IWGN (1999/09), C. Mirkin, Northwestern University Examples of Current Achievements and Paradigm Shifts

12 Biodetection-- Immunoassay Atomic force microscope (AFM) immunoassay Source: IWGN (1999/09), Naval Research Laboratory, Baselt et al Examples of Current Achievements and Paradigm Shifts

13 Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels ‧ Significant advantages over conventional dyes: ‧ Reduced photobleaching ‧ Multi-color labeling, parallel screening ‧ Infrared labels, blood diagnostics ‧ Molecular size nanocrystals are bio-compatible, with many other possible applications Source: IWGN (1999/09), Bruchez et al Examples of Current Achievements and Paradigm Shifts

14 Nanofabrication of DNA “Chips” The full yeast genome on a chip Source: IWGN (1999/09), Brown 1999 Examples of Current Achievements and Paradigm Shifts