Question 1: Name, PDB codes Eric Martz Keiichi Namba Macromolecular visualization I chose: 3onz HUMAN TETRAMERIC HEMOGLOBIN: PROXIMAL NITRITE LIGAND AT BETA Function: Oxygen transport Resolution: 2.09 Å R = Rfree = “WORSE THAN AVERAGE at this resolution” Minamino-san gave to me: 1d66 DNA-binding domain of Gal4. Transcriptional regulation. Resolution: 2.70 Å R = Rfree not published

Question 2: Number of chains, 3onz Protein: 2 chains (2 distinct) DNA: 0 chains RNA: 0 chains Chain A: HEMOGLOBIN SUBUNIT ALPHA 141 residues (1 missing) of Protein. Source: Homo sapiens (Human). Other_details: Blood. Chain B: HEMOGLOBIN SUBUNIT BETA 146 residues (12 missing) of Protein. Source: Homo sapiens (Human). Other_details: Blood.

3onz: 2 HEM: Protoporphyrin ix containing Fe 2 NO2: Nitrite ion 4 MBN: Toluene 1d66: 4 CD : Cadmium ion Question 3: Ligands and non-standard residues

3onz Chain A: Crystal: 146 amino acids Full length: 147 amino acids 3onz Chain B (shown below): Crystal: 141 amino acids Full-length: 142 amino acids Question 4: Full length vs. crystallized sequence One N-terminal amino acid was absent in the crystallized protein.

This structure is all alpha helices (red) and “coil” (white). It has no beta strands. 80.7% alpha helices 0% beta strands 19.3% neither Question 5: Secondary structure for 3onz

I found no patches of all positive or all negative charges. For 3onz chain A: pI = Charges at pH 4.0: : : -7.0 Question 6: Charge distribution

Glu43 in chain B has a high temperature. Question 7: Local uncertainty

Question 8 - Hydrophobic cores Yes. Each of the two chains in 3onz has a hydrophobic core (circled in red).

Question 9 - Water solubility 3onz appears to be soluble because there are polar residues everywhere on the surface. 3onz is hemoglobin which is known to be a soluble protein.

Question 10A - Disulfide bonds in 3onz 1d66 given to me by Minamino-san also has no disulfide bonds. See 2mcg on the next slide.

Question 10B - Disulfide bonds in 2mcg 4 disulfide bonds are within chains. 1 disulfide bond is between chains.

Question 11 - Missing residues in 3onz 13 Missing Residues including 2-, 3+ charged amino acids! All sidechains are complete.

Question 12 - Non-covalent interactions Top: hydrophobic van der Waals interaction between two carbon atoms. Bottom: histidine nitrogen interacting with negatively charged oxygen (carboxyl). Partial salt bridge since His will have partial positive charge at pH 7, or hydrogen bond since His N epsilon has a hydrogen to donate.

Question 13 - Biological unit Asymmetric unit: 2 chains Biological unit: 4 chains

Question 14 - Evolutionary Conservation Top: Lys 61 unexpected. Bottom: Lys 66 expected because it forms salt bridges with the carboxyls on the heme ligand.

Question 15 - Proteopedia Scene I Sandbox Reserved 20 (1d66)

Question 16 - Proteopedia Scene II Sandbox Reserved 20 (1d66)

Question 17a - Cation-pi interaction There are no significant cation-pi interactions in 3onz. 1d66 contains 3 significant cation-pi interactions. One is Lys25 with Tyr40 in chain B. See next slide for snapshot. Here is the report from CaPTURE:

(see previous slide for explanation) Question 17b - Cation-pi interaction

Question 18 - Polyview-3D static image This image is for 1d66. Deoxyguanosine 26 in chain E is red.

Question 19 - Polyview-3D animation for Powerpoint This animation is for 1d66. Deoxyguanosine 26 in chain E is red.

Question 20a - Intrinsically disordered regions 3onz chain B is 141 amino acids. The full length sequence has 142. Below are results for the full length sequence. FoldIndex predicts no intrinsically disordered regions, despite the presence of 3 segments of missing residues in the crystal model. Therefore I analyzed 2gry which is more interesting (next slide).

Question 20b - Intrinsically disordered regions 2GRY is an X-ray crystallographic structure with resolution 2.35 Å. The full length sequence is 679 amino acids. The crystal includes residues (plus an N-terminal His tag). Thus, and (length 153) were removed before crystallization. FoldIndex predicts that the removed portions are intrinsically disordered. Continued on next slide …

Question 20c - Intrinsically disordered regions FoldIndex predicts that 5 segments of the crystallized sequence will be disordered. Segments predicted to be disordered: 1. All but 7 of these 69 N terminal residues are missing in 2GRY. 2. The middle 4 of these 6 residues are missing in 2GRY. 3, 4, 5: None of these predictions overlap with the four additional segments of missing residues in 2GRY. Continued on next slide …

Question 20d - Intrinsically disordered regions The two segments of amino acids missing in 2GRY are at the N terminus and near the N terminus. The flanking residues (marked with yellow halos) have mostly low temperatures, while other missing segments (not predicted by FoldIndex) have higher temperatures. 2GRY colored by temperature showing “empty baskets”, regions with missing residues. Yellow halos mark the alpha carbons flanking missing residues predicted to be disordered by FoldIndex.