1. What part of the DNA molecule results in its slightly negative charge? a.The pentose deoxyribose sugar b.The Adenine nucleotide c.The phosphate group d.The hydrogen bond between the bases e.The Thymine nucleotides

2. What factors affect the separation of macromolecules in an electrophoresis gel? a.Isoelectric charge and mass (size) of particle b.Concentration of the agarose gel c.Speed at which the macromolecule moves d.Alkalinity and volume of the macromolecule e.Both a and b are correct

3. One of the benefits of loading the electrophoresis gel wells dry, is a. less danger of electrocution b. ease of loading the wells with the product you’re trying to separate c. it takes less energy to run the electrophoresis unit when the gel is dry d. the submarine method presents a biohazard e. It is less time consuming

4. DNA patterns on an electrophoresis gel resemble a.A double helix of the DNA molecule b.A bar code you would find on consumer products c.Train tracks d.The veination pattern of a red oak leaf e.Tire tracks of an 18-wheeler

5. A disadvantage of loading the electrophoresis gel wells dry is a.it is far more time consuming than the submarine method b.if you don’t work fast enough, evaporation will occur, changing the desired outcome c.it takes far more energy to run the unit and get results. d.it presents an electrical hazard e. if you don’t pour the buffer solution slowly, you could “wash out” the sample.

6. The two most commonly used separation techniques used in biotechnology are electrophoresis and a. Chromatography b. Evaporation c. Titration d. Filtration e. None of the above

7. In electrophoresis, negatively charged particles move toward the _____________, while positively charged particles move toward the ____________________. a. Positive pole; negative pole b. Black electrode; red electrode c. Red electrode; black electrode d. negative pole; positive pole e. Both b and d are correct f. Both a and c are correct

8. When loading the DNA samples into the gel, a special dye is added. The job of this dye is to a. Serve as a marker b. Stain the DNA c. allow the DNA to sink down in the gel well. d. Both a and c are correct e. Both a and b are correct

9. In order to cleave, or cut DNA into gene fragments, we use a. decomposing bacteria b. viral particles c. Micro-laser surgical equipment d. restriction endonucleases e. enzyme splicing mechanisms (ESMs)

10. Because each person has distinct _________, their DNA banding patterns in gel electrophoresis will look different. a. FLRP b. FPLR c. RFLP d. PLRF e. LRFP

Bonus***Bonus***Bonus***Bonus***Bonus How would the results of electrophoresis of DNA fragments be different in a 2% agarose concentration vs. a 0.8% agarose concentration?