General Computer Stuff Hardware: physical parts of a computer: CPU, drives, etc. Software: Programs and Data A computer needs both to be useful.

General Computer Stuff Central Processing Unit (CPU) Main memory Output devices Monitor, disks Input devices Keybard, Disks, mouse, etc Note that some devices (disks, network card, touchscreen) can be used for both input and output.

General Computer Stuff CPU Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle: CPU Fetches the code from main memory CPU Determines what the instruction is CPU Executes Instruction Repeat

General Computer Stuff Operating System: Controls input/output and resource management. Examples: Windows, MAC, Unix, Linux, Android Application program: General term for software that is geared toward a single or a set of closely related tasks. Examples: Office Applications

General Computer Stuff Digital: Discrete, numeric representation. Example: New HDTV signals CD’s, DVD’s Analog: Continuous, wave/pulse representation. Example: Old TV signals (and some cable) Vinyl records, VCR tape

General Computer Stuff Other number systems: We use base 10 (decimal) : uses 10 digits … Base 2 (binary): uses 2 digits The numbers above correspond to 0-8 decimal Base 16 (Hexidecimal): uses 16 digits A B C D E F G The numbers above correspond to 0-15 decimal. 11H  16 DEC

General Computer Stuff Digital Storage: All computers store information digitally. This is achieved using the binary number system: Bin2^ndec N binary digits can represent 2 n bits (individual 0 or 1).

Computers There are 8 bits in a byte Memory cells are usually 1 byte Large values are stored in multiple (preferably) adjacent cells

General Computer Stuff KB2 10 = 1024 MB2 20 (over 1 million) GB2 30 (over 1 billion) TB2 40 (over 1 trillion) UnitSymbolNumber of Bytes kilobyte megabyte gigabyte terabyte Storage Capacities:

General Computer Stuff 1)Convert decimal to binary: a) 3= = 11 b) 12 = = 1001 c) 64 = _____ d) 65 = _____ 2)Convert binary to decimal:5) Convert 50 GB to MB a) 100 = 46) Convert 50 GB to KB b) 101 = = 57) Convert 1 GB to KB c) = _____ d) = _____