Astronomy Review

Terminology Luminous Revolution (year length) versus Rotation (day length) Gravity (function of mass) Planet < Star < Star system < Galaxy < Universe

Distances in Space Convert between Kilometers, Astronomical Units and Light Years The avg distance from Earth to Saturn is 1,427,000,000 km. What is this distance in AU?

AU

Distances in Space Calculating light’s speed How long would it take light to travel the distance from Saturn to Earth? (d = 1,427,000,000 km )

Calculations in Space Unit Conversion Saturn rotates every 11 hours and revolves around the Sun every 29 years. How many Earth days is one Saturn year?

The Effect of a Planet’s tilt Earth tilts by 23.5° This causes the seasons, NOT the distance to the Sun

Terrestrial Planets Mercury: Closest planet to the Sun Venus: Farther than Mercury, but warmer because of a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide that creates a strong greenhouse effect

Terrestrial Planets Earth: Our home. Contains liquid water and protective ozone layer Mars: Iron oxide makes this planet look red

Asteroid Belt Asteroids

Space Rock

Gas Giants Jupiter: largest planet in the solar system Saturn (clearly visible rings): shiny rings made of ice that reflect sunlight

Gas Giants Uranus: tilted almost 90°

Gas Giants Neptune: farthest planet from the Sun. Named after the Greek God of the Sea

Constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor

Constellations Orion and Canis Major Line up the stars in ‘Orion’s Belt’ and following the line south until you hit Sirius.

Stars Polaris: The North Star is located in the Little Dipper / Ursa Minor. Sirius: The brightest star in Earth’s sky is located in Canis Major

The Sun Powered through nuclear fusion Sunspots: cool regions of the Sun that appear because of solar magnetic interference

The Sun Solar flares and Aurora Borealis

Lifecycle of a Star Nebula Protostar Fusion Chain Reaction Begins Fusion continues throughout life If small-medium sized the star becomes a Red Giant -> White dwarf -> Black dwarf If large sized = Supernova -> Neutron star OR Black hole

Features of Stars Colour depends on temperature

The Big Bang Theory

The Big Bang Theory the Universe was once in an extremely hot and dense state which expanded rapidly According to the most recent measurements and observations, the Big Bang occurred approximately 13.75 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the Universe.

Stuff to finish Test Review Sunspots graphing activity Hertzsprung Russell Diagram Test Review You are responsible for the following text sections: All of chapter 8 excluding 8.7 Try the Self-Quiz on pp. 322-323 All of the chapter 9 excluding 9.4, 9.5, and 9.9 Try the Self-Quiz on pp. 360-361 You DO NOT need to review anything from chapter 10