3.1 Organ Systems Page

Cells There are over 300 different kinds of cells in the human body

Cell specialization 1.The contents of the cytoplasm nature.com

Cell specialization 2. Environmental conditions: -temperature -nutrients present/absent dogs-cats.wikia.com dogs-cats.wikia.com

Cell Specialization 3. The influence of neighbouring cells

Abnormal cells Due to environmental toxins en.wikipedia.org

Tissues There are four kinds of tissues in the human body.

Tissue type #1: epithelial Covering protects our organs Lines body cavities Covers the surface of the body Forms a barrier

epithelial 1.Skin epithelia: thin, flat cells form sheets, semi-permeable barrier 2.Columnal epithelia: columns of cells, secrete mucus, cilia, absorb materials

Tissue type #2: Connective Provides strength, support, protects, binds, or connects tissues Holds various parts of the body together Examples: cartilage, bone, fat, blood

bone Calcium-hardened tissue surrounds cells www. educationportal.com

Fat (adipose tissue) Large, tightly packed cells Found under skin and around organs Energy storage, padding and insulation Kentsimmons.uwinnepeg.ca

Blood Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma Transports nutrients, gases, wastes, chemicals, immune system Clots when the skin is cut

Tissue type #3: Muscle Sheets or bundles of muscle cells that contract to provide movement. Examples: smooth, cardiac, striated

Skeletal muscle Striated Attaches to bone Limbs, lower back

Smooth muscle Tapered at ends Blood vessel linings and lining internal organs Slow, sustained contractions kidsbrittanica.com

Cardiac Muscle Found in the heart britannica.com

Tissue type #4: Nervous Provides communication between all body structures.

Nervous tissue Finger-like projections Receive stimulus, send to brain/spinal cord, triggers response in muscle/gland

Stem cells An unspecialized cell that can produce a variety of specialized cells extremetech.com

Totipotent Embryonic cells can become any kind of cell

Pluripotent As the embryo develops the stem cells are able to give rise to less types of cells

Adult stem cells Produce only specific types of cells Skin cells repair skin.

Organs Composed of different types of tissues that work together to carry out particular functions. Examples include heart, stomach, kidneys

3.2 Organs and Systems Medical Imaging Technology X-rays For hard tissue such as bone bassendeanwellness.com

X-ray machine Lead blanket to protect the organs

CT or CAT scan 3-D x-rays HeartBrain

CAT scan

Ultrasound High frequency sound waves Real-time Watching organ function

Ultrasound machine Cold jelly is applied to the body.

MRI magnetic resonance imaging Radio signals in a magnetic field Bleeding of the brain in a stroke

MRI No metal!

Endoscopy Tiny camera, light, surgical instruments attached to a flexible tube

Organ System Organs working together with other organs with related functions or structures. Examples: circulatory system, respiratory system, excretory system

Digestive system Performs the physical and chemical break- down of food

Circulatory system Transportation of nutrients, gases, and wastes, defense against infection.

Respiratory System Gas exchange

Reproductive Sexual reproduction

Excretory Removal of wastes

Muscular system Movement of body or body part

endocrine Coordination and chemical regulation of body activities.

nervous Response to environment, control of body activities.

Skeletal system 206 bones

Integumentary system Skin etc.