LISTENING Public Speaking Mr. McFadden

LISTENING  Listening is more than hearing. 1. Hearing- being able to detect sound 2. Listening- getting meaning from what is heard  We quickly nearly all of what we hear- 75% of a ten minute speech is out of our head within 48 hours  45% of daily communication is time spent listening.

5 WAYS TO LISTEN 1. Appreciative Listening: music, nature noises, etc. We listen because we enjoy the sound 2. Discriminative Listening- when we want to single out one noise in the environment. A friend’s voice in a crowded room 3. Comprehensive Listening- listening to understand, to get the big picture or the main idea.

5 WAYS TO LISTEN 4. Therapeutic Listening- listening to encourage others to talk freely without embarrassment. Listening to a friend’s sob story. 5. Critical Listening- most active listening. Listening and judging what is said for coherence, believability, value- thinking carefully about what we hear.

COMPREHENSIVE LISTENING  What you should listening for:  The speaker’s goal, the purpose for giving the speech.  Main ideas  Repetition  Signal Words  Supporting Details- examples, stats, facts, reasons  Context- figure out meaning based on words that are said

CRITICAL LISTENING  Pay attention to logical fallacies aka an error of reasoning  Testimonial: using celebrities to promote and idea or product  False Comparison: comparing unlike things  Jump on the Bandwagon: convincing one to do something because everyone else is  Propaganda: passing opinions as truth to convince people to believe in something

CRITICAL LISTENING  Hasty Generalization: Conclusions or opinions that are drawn from very few observations that ignores exceptions. Ex: A student fails a test; he or she must not care and will never study.  Begging the Question: assuming the truth of a statement before it is proven. Ex: “with my plan, this country’s ineffective health care can be remedied within a decade.” The speaker has not proven it is ineffective.

CRITICAL LISTENING  False Premise: a premise that is untrue or distorted. Ex: We are bound to have a winning team this year, 4 of our 5 starters are back.  Irrelevant Evidence: information that has nothing to do with the argument being made. Ex: The student deserves an A on the project because he spent 20 hours on it. Plus, he made it out of woods.

2 MORE THINGS TO LISTEN FOR  Name Calling: labeling intended to arouse powerful negative feelings. Ex: liberal, conservative, jock, prep, snob  Stereotyping: biased belief about a whole group of people based on insufficient or irrelevant evidence.

ROAD BLOCKS TO LISTENING 1. We think of what we want to say next rather than listen. 2. Short attention spans- we anticipate conversations. 3. Tune out dull topics 4. Faking attention 5. Yielding to distractions 6. Criticizing delivery or physical appearance 7. Overreact to emotional words

Tuning Out

LISTENING  Passive Listening: easily distracted, paying attention to how the speaker talks than to what is said and unresponsive to the speaker’s message.  Active Listening: (this is what we want): being attentive and showing/giving positive feedback Contributions to speaker from listener:  Provide Encouragement/feedback  Ask for explanations to help speaker feel comfortable/clarify  Paraphrasing the message  Take notes