CANADA SINCE 1867 MIGRATION AND COLONIZATION IN THE LATE 19 TH CENTURY Population and Settlement in the Contemporary Period

Immigration Act 1869 The immigration law increased the population of the Dominion of Canada by providing:  Quarantine system to prevent the spread of contagious disease  Few restrictions on number of immigrants  As a result, almost everyone was welcome  However, the government wanted to forbid criminals

National Policy Essential for economic development  Create a market in Canada  Tariff policy on imported goods  Increase trade through the development of the railroad and industries in urban centers  Increase immigration through expanding settlements west of Ontario

Emigration to the United States 5 reasons describe high emigration rate: 1. Land shortage 2. Railways 3. Proximity of border 4. Higher wages 5. Modernization of agriculture

Colonization of New Regions Agricultural colonization was introduced by the government in order to maintain a Francophone Catholic majority in Quebec Why had colonization become an act of patriotism?  Document 126 (page 73) What are the population distribution trends in figure 28?

Colonization of New Regions con’t Where these projects successful? What were the challenges that colonists faced?

Migrations to the West Mostly immigrants from British origin immigrated west of Quebec. Manitoba represented a francophone majority due to Catholic missionaries. Not many Francophones left Quebec the reasons for this were:  Fearing the domination of Anglophone majority  Following the Metis rebellions, the hanging of leader Louis Reil increased Francophones mistrust.