First Aorist Active & Middle Indictative Chapter 23

The Use of the Aorist Tense There are three tenses in the Greek that are used for the past tense. –Aorist –Perfect –Imperfect The aorist tense describes either… –Simple action (usually in the past) –Punctiliar action (point action)

There are two ways the Aorist can be formed The First Aorist (Regular formation) The Second Aorist (Irregular formation) These forms do not affect the meaning; a first aorist means the same thing as a second aorist

There are two ways the Aorist can be formed The First Aorist (Regular formation) The Second Aorist (Irregular formation) Regular English formation: Put “ed” on the end of a word. Irregular English formation: “Swam” instead of “swimmed.”

Difference between the First Aorist versus the Second Aorist First AoristSecond Aorist Most commonNot so common Adds an e at the beginning and a sa at the end of the word Adds an e at the beginning and then changes the actual stem of the word, usually shortening it

lu,w lu,eij lu,ei Singular lu,omen lu,ete lu,ousi(n ) Plural e;lusa e;lusaj e;luse (n) e;lusam en e;lusate e;lusan Present1 st Aorist

Present lu,w lu,eij lu,ei Sg lu,ome n lu,ete lu,ousi n Pl Active lu,sw lu,seij lu,sei lu,some n lusete lu,sousi n Future Active e;luon e;luej e;lue (n) e;luom en e;luete e;luon Imperf Active Aorist Active e;lusa e;lusaj e;luse e;lusam en e;lusate e;lusan

Tau,thn evpoi,hsen avrch.n tw/n shmei,wn o` VIhsou/j evn Kana. th/j Galilai,aj kai. evfane,rwsen th.n do,xan auvtou/( kai. evpi,steusan eivj auvto.n oi` maqhtai. auvtou/ This beginning of signs Jesus did in Cana of Galilee and he manifested his glory, and his disciples believed in him (John 2:11)

Stems ending in a stop Ble,pw becomes e;bleya Gra,fw becomes e;graxa

Ouvk e;graya u`mi/n( o[ti ouvk oi;date th.n avlh,qeian( avllV o[ti oi;date auvth,n( kai. o[ti pa/n yeu/doj evk th/j avlhqei,aj ouvk e;stinÅ I did not write to you because you do not know the truth, but because you do know it, and because every lie is not of the truth (1 John 2:21)

To,te o` VIhsou/j evla,lhsen toi/j o;cloij kai. toi/j maqhtai/j auvtou/ Then Jesus spoke to the multitudes and to His disciples

oi` de. ei=pan\ pi,steuson evpi. to.n ku,rion VIhsou/n kai. swqh,sh| su. kai. o` oi=ko,j sou But they said, “Believe on the Lord Jesus and you shall be saved and your house.”

kai. evla,lhsan auvtw/| to.n lo,gon tou/ kuri,ou su.n pa/sin toi/j evn th/| oivki,a| auvtou/Å And they spoke to him the word of the Lord with all those in his house (Acts 16:32).

evka,lesen u`ma/j dia. tou/ euvaggeli,ou h`mw/n eivj peripoi,hsin do,xhj tou/ kuri,ou h`mw/n VIhsou/ Cristou/Å He called you through His gospel into possession of the glory of the Lord Jesus Christ (2 Thess. 2:14) Possession

ou]j de. prow,risen( tou,touj kai. evka,lesen\ kai. ou]j evka,lesen( tou,touj kai. evdikai,wsen\ ou]j de. evdikai,wsen( tou,touj kai. evdo,xasenÅ But who he predestined, these also he called, and who he called, these also he justified, but who he justified, these also he glorified (Romans 8:30)

Stems beginning in a vowel VAgapa,w becomes hvga,phsa VAkou,w becomes h;kousa

~Hmei/j hvkou,samen evk tou/ no,mou o[ti o` cristo.j me,nei eivj to.n aivw/na We heard from the law that the Christ remains forever (John12:34)

Au[th evsti.n h` evntolh. h` evmh,( i[na avgapa/te avllh,louj kaqw.j hvga,phsa u`ma/j This is My commandment, that ya’ll love one another, just as I loved you. (John 15:12).

Liquid Aorists The s is dropped and only the a is added Me,nw becomes e;maina

Aorist Middle Indicative

lu,w lu,eij lu,ei S lu,omen lu,ete lu,ousi(n ) Pl e;lusa e;lusaj e;luse (n) e;lusam en e;lusate e;lusan PresentAorist Active evlusa,mh n evlu,sw evlu,sato evlusa,me qa evlu,sasq e evlu,santo Aorist Middle

On some occasions, the middle voice actually changes the meaning of the word a;rcw (active): I rule a;rcomai (middle): I begin