H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 News with Charm  Introduction  Open Charm States  States with hidden Charm  Future: PANDA-Detector at FAIR  Conclusions

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Introduction (1) Present activities in Hadron Spectroscopy BaBar; BES; BELLE; CLEO; CDF; D , FOCUS, E 835 (Fermilab) BaBar/BELLE/CLEO: Fixed CM-energy (  (4s) ) B-mesons good source for charm BR ≈ 10 –2 (incl.)  Ldt ≈ 400(fb) –1 (BaBar/BELLE))

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Introduction (2) Discrete Energies: J/ , , ,... e + e –    DD e + e –     c e + e –     qq BES, CLEO-c: pp (E CM = 2TeV)  BB  Charm CDF, D  :  (200GeV) Be  B + X  Charm Focus:  – (500GeV)Pt(C)  B + X  Charm E 791: pp (Scan mode)  J/ , ,  c,  c,... E 835:

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Open Charm States (1) Expectation: Two newly discovered broad states: Dπ, D*π-modes M = (2352 ± 50)MeV ;  = (261 ± 50)MeV D 0 (2400)? M = (2427 ± 36)MeV ;  = (384 ± 117)MeV D 1 (2430)? * Evidence (BELLE) : B  Dππ D(cq, cq) (q = u, d)-states (BELLE, FOCUS, CDF) J P : Compatible with 0 +, 1 + Interpretation: Missing cq-states

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Open Charm States (2) Expectation: D s (cs, cs)-states (BaBar, CLEO, BELLE, CDF) Two newly discovered narrow states 1) M = ( ± 0.2 ± 1.4)MeV ;  < 3.8MeV! (M Model ≈ 2480MeV) Evidence (BaBar). D sJ (2317) ±  D s π 0 * ± Decays:

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Open Charm States (3) Decays: 2) M = ( ± 0.2 ± 0.8)MeV ;  < 3.5MeV (M Model ≈ 2560MeV) Evidence (BaBar). D sJ (2460) +  D s π 0  + Quantum numbers: J P = 1 + from B  DD sJ (2460) (BELLE, Angular Distr.)  D s  Quantum numbers: J P = 0 + from B  DD sJ (2317) (BELLE, Angular Distr.) I = 0 ? No evidence for D + π – -, D + π + -states s * s I = 0 ? No evidence for D + π – s

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Open Charm States (4) Interpretation of D sJ (2317) and D sJ (2460)  0 +, 1 + -cq-states:Problem: Masses  DK-Molecules  Charmed Four Quark States  Chiral Multiplets of Heavy-Light Mesons (Eichten,..., Novak, Lutz,...) *

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 States with Hidden Charm (1) Expectation: States below DD-threshold: Much information about J/ , ,  0,1,2 Very little known about  c, , h c (Spin-Singletts), Important for spin-spin-interaction States above DD-threshold: Many are undetected, lots to do (Heavy Quarkonium Physics, N. Brambilla et al., CERN Yellow Report; hep-ph/ ) c

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 States with Hidden Charm (2) BELLE: B  K(K s K + π – ) and e + e –  J/  (cc) CLEO/BaBar:  -Fusion (   K s Kπ) M = ( ± 3.4)MeV ;  < 30MeV ( Crystal Ball: (3594 ± 5)MeV ) Decay modes:  K s K + π –  ? Quantum numbers: J P : Probably 0 – I : Probably 0 Evidence:  M hf (2s) = (47 ± 4)MeV, while  M hf (1s) = (117 ± 1)MeV ?  (2 1 S 0 ) : Rediscovery (BELLE, CLEO, BaBar) c

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 States with Hidden Charm (3) h c (1 1 P 1 ) CLEO:  (2s)  π 0 h c  π 0 (  c ) M = ( ± 0.6 ± 0.4)MeV ;  < 10MeV Decays:   c  ? Quantum numbers: J P : Probably 1 + I : Probably 0 Evidence (CLEO):  M hf (1P) = - M h c = (1.0 ± 0.6 ± 0.4)MeV In agreement with the confinement potential being a Lorentz scalar

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 States with Hidden Charm (4) X(3872) (BELLE, CDF, D  ; BaBar, BES) M = ( ± 0.4)MeV ;  < 2.3MeV!! Evidence (BELLE): B ±  K ± (J/  π + π – ) Quantum numbers: J PC = ? BELLE: Angular distributions of J/   Preference for J PC = 1 ++ I = 0 ? BaBar: Search for B –  K 0 X –  K 0 (J/  – ) ; B 0  K ± X (B < 5 x 10 –4 ) ± Decays:  J/  π + π – (dominant) (J/  ?)   J/  (1 bin effect)  C = +1  J/  π + π – π 0 (J/  ?)  D 0 D 0 π 0   cJ Production:

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 States with Hidden Charm (5) X(3872) (contin.) Nature of X(3872):  Ordinary charmonium expected to have radiative decay (X decay into  c1  not observed not expected to decay into J/  

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 States with Hidden Charm (6)  Diquark - Antidiquark (Maiani et al.) Neutral states produced in B 0, B + -decays have different masses and rates. Slight experimental evidence. No evidence for charged states  s-Wave D 0 D *0 molecule (Braaten, Kusunoki, Swanson, Tornquist) m D 0 + m D *0 = ( ± 2.0)MeV  M = (+1.2 ± 2.0)MeV B 0  K 0 X suppressed by one order of magnitude wrt B +  K + X J PC = 1 ++ is favored  (X   J/  ) <  (X  ππJ/  ) Model predictions:

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 States with Hidden Charm (7) X(3940) (BELLE, BaBar) M = (3943 ± 6 ± 6)MeV ;  < 52MeV Decays: Quantum numbers: I, J PC = ? Nature: ? Evidence (BELLE): e + e –  J/  (cc) Y(3940) (BELLE, BaBar) M = (3943 ± 11 ± 13)MeV ;  = (87 ± 22)MeV Evidence (BELLE): B  K(  J/  ) Quantum numbers: J PC = ? I = 0 Nature: (ccg)-Hybrid?

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 States with Hidden Charm (8) Z(3940) (BELLE, BaBar) M = (3931 ± 4 ± 2)MeV ;  = (20 ± 8 ± 3)MeV Decays: Quantum numbers: J PC = ? Nature:  (2 3 P 2 )? Evidence (BELLE): e + e –  e + e – (  ) ;   DD  (4260) (BaBar) M = (4259 ± 8 +2 )MeV ;  = (88 ± )MeV Evidence (BaBar): e + e –   (e + e – ) ; e + e –  π + π – J/  (ISR) Quantum numbers: J PC = 1 -- I = ? Nature: cc-resonance? c2 –6–4 Decays:

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Future Perspectives (1) BaBar: BELLE: CLEO: BES: COMPASS: PANDA: Super B-Factory:

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Future Perspectives (2) Primary Beams /s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238 U /s 238 U 73+ up to 35 GeV/u 3x10 13 /s 30 GeV protons Secondary Beams Broad range of radioactive beams up to GeV/u; up to factor in intensity over present Antiprotons 3 (0) - 30 GeV Storage and Cooler Rings Radioactive beams stored and cooled GeV/c antiprotons FAIR-Project at GSI

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Future Perspectives (3) Antiprotons at FAIR General Purpose Detector: PANDA HESR: PANDA-Collaboration: 370 scientists from 8 countries and 30 institutions Formation: p(scan)p  X ... Production: p(fixed )p  X + nπ +...

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Future Perspectives (4) QCD systems to be studied with PANDA Rates

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Future Perspectives (5) Physics Program Charmonium Search for new states above DD-threshold Precision determination of masses and widths (Extremly high masses resolution  20keV) Production cross sections Decay branching ratios Exotica Glueballs, Charmed Hybrids, Multiquark states Predictions for Glueballs Prediction for Charmed Hybrids Lowest energy states: GeV Ground state: J PC = 1 –+ (Spin exotic!) Widths: Could by narrow in some cases (≈ MeV)

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Future Perspectives (6) Open Charm Physics Widths of states e.g.: pp  D sJ (2317) D sJ (2317) **

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Future Perspectives (7) Hadrons in matter Hypernuclear Physics Further Options Baryon Spectroscopy CP-Violation in D-decays Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) Proton FF in time-like region p(3GeV/c)p   – (slow)  – (fast)   – p   (inside nucleus) Not discussed: Low energy p-physics: H, Antiprotonic Atoms, p 4 He

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Future Perspectives (8) Merits of Antiprotons  In pp-annihilation all qq-states can be formed directly (not only J PC = 1 -- )  High mass resolution for all states (≈ 20keV)  pp cross sections high  Data with very high statistics

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Future Perspectives (9)  High probability for production of exotic states Example: Crystal LEAR; Spin exotic states (J PC = 1 -+ ) at 1400/1600MeV  Low final state multiplicities  Clean spectra, good for PWA analyses

H. Koch, L.M.U. and T.U. Munich, Dec. 15, 2005 Conclusions  Hadron Spectroscopy is in the focus of interest again  Experimental developments Lots to be expected from further running of BaBar, BELLE, CLEO, BES, COMPASS,... New and very precise data to be expected from PANDA/GSI  Theoretical developments Lattice QCD Effective Field Theories Chiral calculations