Warmup: Please write the question and try to answer it (5min) 1) A combination of 2 or more substances is a: a. homogeneous mixture b. mixture c. solution d. none of the above 2) In soda, CO 2 is the ______ and water is the _________. a.solute; solution b.solvent; solution c.solute; solvent d.solution; solubility 3) Which term describes a solution in which only a small amount of solute is dissolved? a. dilutec. unsaturated b. concentratedd. supersaturated

Types of Matter Matter Compounds Elements Metals Non-Metals Metalloids Heterogeneous Colloid Suspension Mixtures Homogeneous Solutions 2 or more materials that can be physically separated

Ions/molecules are dissolved and scrambled among other molecules (phase: aqueous) Ex. ionic solutions, acids and bases, clean air and … Homogeneous Mixtures SOLUTIONS Visibly different parts in different ‘phases’ (liquid, solid) Ex. milk, blood Heterogeneous Mixture

SOLUTION!!! = Solute : part of solution that is being dissolved solid, liquid, or gas Solvent : the major part of solution; dissolves the solute usually liquid and usually water

Types of Solutions SoluteSolvent Gas Liquid SolidLiquid Solid Oxygen in air CO 2 in soda wine Kool-aid White gold (Au + Ni + Cu + Sn) 1 minute: Identify the phase of the solute and solvent in each mixture

Concentrated solutions contain lots of solute per amount of solution. Dilute solutions contain less solute per amount of solution. Q: Why was the blonde staring at the orange juice carton? A: Because it said ‘CONCENTRATE’

Saturated vs. Unsaturated maximum amount of dissolved solute less than the maximum amount of dissolved solute

Supersaturation When I make Jello, I add boiling water to the mix and then add cold water later. What’s up with THAT? If you heat a solution you can add more solute! Then cool it carefully to create a supersaturated solution. It contains more solute per unit solvent than is typically allowed

Answers to Warmup Questions 1) A combination of 2 or more substances is a: a.homogeneous mixture b.mixture c.solution d.none of the above (a and c are ok but b is best) 2) In a soda, CO 2 is the ______ and water is the _________. a.solute; solution b.solvent; solution c.solute; solvent d.solution; solubility (a: the soda is the solution) 3) Which term describes a solution in which only a small amount of solute is dissolved? a. dilutec. unsaturated b. concentratedd. supersaturated (unsaturated does not necessarily mean dilute)

Solubility (Saturation Point) maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent under certain conditions the solubility of different solutes is different! Ex. 85 g KNO 3 /100. grams of water at a certain temperature only 36 g NaCl dissolves in the same amount of water at the same temperature

Does the solubility of sodium nitrate increase or decrease with increasing temperature? Answer: increase

Which compound has a solubility of 61 g / 100 g H 2 O at 70°C? Answer: NH 4 Cl Which compound has a solubility of ~41 g / 100 g H 2 O at 50°C? Answer: KCl

1. Increase surface area of the solute: agitate the solution or break up solute How can we increase the rate of dissolution (how fast the solute dissolves) and solubility? 2. Heat the solution (s and l solutes): molecules move faster and collide more frequently

3. Cool the solution (gas solutes): gas molecules won’t evaporate (lowering solubility) if they have less kinetic energy. 4. Increase pressure (gas solutes): solute can’t evaporate and remains dissolved in the solution How can we increase the rate of dissolution (how fast the solute dissolves) and solubility?

solubility of solids/liquidsgases when pressure increases when pressure decreases when temperature increases when temperature decreases Fill in this chart! As a study aid!