Control METABOLISM  Metabolic reactions can be controlled and sped up by enzymes  metabolic reactions would be too slow to occur if no enzymes were present!  End in “ase”

Properties of Enzymes 1.Proteins 2.Catalysts 3.Reusable 4.Substrate specific 5.Sensitive to temperature 6.Sensitive to pH

Enzymes Remain Unchanged!  Enzymes are not used up; Reaction ends when there is NO MORE SUBSTRATE!!  Synthesis or Decomposition reactions

substrate enzyme active site substrate Mechanism of Enzyme Action Each enzyme has an ACTIVE SITE!! Active site is the place where the substrate binds with the enzyme

enzyme Action of Enzyme in Synthesis substrate enzyme- substrate complex Product and

enzyme Action of Enzyme in Decomposition substrate enzyme- substrate complex product

Lock and Key Hypothesis Enzyme Substrate

Lock and Key Hypothesis SHAPES DON’T MATCH

Lock & Key Model  ONE enzyme for every substrate  Unique fit Enzyme Substrate

Enzymes are Temperature Dependent…... MMost work BEST at body temperature 37 o C DDENATURE at high temperatures IInactive at LOW temperature

Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity  Optimum pH : the pH value at which the enzyme has the highest activity (fastest rate of reaction) -Different enzymes may have different optimum pH’s -If pH is higher or lower than optimum pH, denaturation happens; enzyme becomes ineffective.

What pH does pepsin work best? What pH does pancreatic lipase work?

Enzyme Lab  Enzyme: catalase  Source: liver, potato, apple etc  Substate:H 2 O 2(Hydrogen Peroxide)  Hydrogen peroxide is toxic in cells  2 H 2 O 2 +catalase  2 H 2 O + O 2