Chapter 5 Matter in Motion

Motion: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ the change in an object’s position over time when compared with a reference point Reference point: ____________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Place that appears to stay in place when compared to an object in motion. Common Reference Points: 1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 3._____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The Earth’s surface Non-moving objects on the Earth’s surface (Ex: buildings or trees) Moving objects in relation to other moving objects (Ex: a plane relative to a bird) Speed: _____________________________________________________ Speed depends on _______________ and ________________. The rate at which an object moves. distancetime Average speed = ________________ total distance total time Example: If a family drove 600 miles to their vacation resort and it took them 15 hours to get there, what was their average speed? Average speed = _______________________ = 600 miles 15 hours 40 miles/hour

Graphing speed: Distance goes on the ___-axis and time goes on the ___-axis.yx Time in Hours Distance in km Suppose we graphed the speed of a storm front moving across the country. It might look like the graph at the left. The black line shows the average speed, while the red line shows the hourly speed. Velocity - ___________________ ___________________________ the speed of an object in a particular direction. Velocity changes as speed or direction changes. Example: A horse on a merry-go-round is moving at a constant rate of 10 meters/sec. Is its speed changing? _____ Is its velocity changing? ______ No Yes The direction is constantly changing!

Resultant velocity:____________________________________________Combining velocities to find the overall velocity Ex: If you were in a train traveling 40 km/hour west and you walked east through the train at 5 km/hour, what is your resultant velocity? Answer:40 km/hour west – 5 km/hour east = 35 km/hr west Ex: If you were in a train traveling 40 km/hour west and you walked west through the train at 5 km/hour, what is your resultant velocity? Answer:40 km/hour west + 5 km/hour west = 45 km/hour west Acceleration: ________________________________________________ the rate at which velocity changes Velocity can change if ____________ changes, or _______________ changes, or _________ change. Acceleration is not just how _______ velocity changes, but also how ________ it changes. speeddirection bothmuch fast Acceleration = _________________________________ final velocity – starting velocity time it takes to change velocity Example: A plane passes over Point A with a velocity of 8,000 m/s north. Forty seconds later it passes over Point B at a velocity of10,000 m/s north. What is plane’s acceleration? Acceleration = _______________________ = 10,000 m/s – 8,000m/s 40 s 50 m/s/s = 50 m/s 2 north

Example: A coconut falls from the top of a tree and reaches a velocity of 19.6 m/s when it hits the ground. It takes 2 seconds to reach the ground. What is the coconut’s acceleration? Acceleration = __________________ 19.6 m/s – 0 m/s 2 s = 9.8 m/s/s = 9 m/s 2 down An object traveling in a circular motion is always changing its______________, therefore changing its _____________, and thus ________________ is occurring. This circular acceleration is called __________________ __________________. direction velocityacceleration centripetal acceleration Graph acceleration as __________________ vs _________________.velocity time

Force: ___________________________________________________________ a push or a pull, having both size and direction Newton (N): _______________________________________________________the unit in the metric system used to measure force = m. kg/s Net force : ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ the force that results from combining all the forces exerted on an object Forces in the same direction get ____________ to each other. Forces in opposite directions get the smaller force __________________ from the larger force. added subtracted Balanced forces will have a net force of ___________ and there will be ____ motion. Ex. The force of a person sitting on a stool is ___________ to the force of the stool pushing up on the person. zerono equal Unbalanced forces produce a change in _______________. They are needed to _____________ a stationary object to move as well as to ________________ the motion of a _____________ object. motion startchange moving Friction: _______________________________________________________a force that opposes motion Friction is caused because the surface of any object is ________________ and is affected by the ______________ pushing these surfaces together. The ______________ the surface the greater the _______________. The greater the ________________ pushing the surfaces together, the greater the _________. rough force rougher friction force friction

Types of friction: 1. Sliding friction is the ____________ that opposes sliding one surface across another surface. This is usually a _____________ force. 2. Rolling friction is the friction between the _________________ and the ______ or _________________ something rolls across. 3. Fluid friction is the friction between an _____________ and a ______________ or ________. 4. Static friction is the force of friction that causes an object to ______ move when a _____________ is applied to it. Static friction _________________ when the object starts moving. force large wheels road surface objectliquid gas NOT forcedisappears Lubricants: _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Ex: ____________________________________________________ substances aplied to surfaces to reduce the friction between them oil, graphite, wax, grease, air (as in air hockey tables) Ways to reduce friction: 1. Use ______________________. 2. Switch from _____________ friction to _______________ friction. 3. Make the surfaces that rub against each other _________________. Ways to increase friction: 1. Make the surfaces _______________________. 2. Increase the _________________ pushing the surfaces together. lubricants slidingrolling smoother rougher force

Gravity: ________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ the force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses. All matter has _________ and mass results in ________________, so all objects have a force of ____________________ to other objects, but usually the _________ is not great enough to cause the attractive force of the objects to move the objects toward each other. The __________________ has a large mass and therefore has a large _________________ force that pulls everything toward the ______________ of the Earth. Gravity also keeps the _______________ in motion in the sky. massgravity attraction mass Earth gravitational center planets Sir Isaac Newton came up with the Law of Universal Gravitation: All objects in the _________________ attract each other through gravitational ____________. The _______ of the force depends on the _____________ of the objects and the __________________ between them. universe forcesizemasses distance 1. Gravitational force ________________ as mass _________________. 2. Gravitational force ________________ as distance _______________. increases decreasesincreases Weight: ______________________________________________________ a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object Weight, gravity, and forces are measured in _______________.Newtons

Chapter 5 Matter in Motion

Motion: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Reference point: ____________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Common Reference Points: 1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 3._____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Speed: _____________________________________________________ Speed depends on _______________ and ________________. Average speed = ________________ Example: If a family drove 600 miles to their vacation resort and it took them 15 hours to get there, what was their average speed? Average speed = _______________________ =

Graphing speed: Distance goes on the ___-axis and time goes on the ___-axis. Time in Hours Distance in km Suppose we graphed the speed of a storm front moving across the country. It might look like the graph at the left. The black line shows the average speed, while the red line shows the hourly speed. Velocity - ___________________ ___________________________ Example: A horse on a merry-go-round is moving at a constant rate of 10 meters/sec. Is its speed changing? _____ Is its velocity changing? ______

Resultant velocity:____________________________________________ Ex: If you were in a train traveling 40 km/hour west and you walked east through the train at 5 km/hour, what is your resultant velocity? Answer: Ex: If you were in a train traveling 40 km/hour west and you walked west through the train at 5 km/hour, what is your resultant velocity? Answer: Acceleration: ________________________________________________ Velocity can change if ____________ changes, or _______________ changes, or _________ change. Acceleration is not just how _______ velocity changes, but also how ________ it changes. Acceleration = _________________________________ Example: A plane passes over Point A with a velocity of 8,000 m/s north. Forty seconds later it passes over Point B at a velocity of10,000 m/s north. What is plane’s acceleration? Acceleration = _______________________ =

Example: A coconut falls from the top of a tree and reaches a velocity of 19.6 m/s when it hits the ground. It takes 2 seconds to reach the ground. What is the coconut’s acceleration? Acceleration = __________________ = An object traveling in a circular motion is always changing its______________, therefore changing its _____________, and thus ________________ is occurring. This circular acceleration is called __________________ __________________. Graph acceleration as __________________ vs _________________.

Force: ___________________________________________________________ Newton (N): _______________________________________________________ Net force : ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Forces in the same direction get ____________ to each other. Forces in opposite directions get the smaller force __________________ from the larger force. Balanced forces will have a net force of ___________ and there will be ____ motion. Ex. The force of a person sitting on a stool is ___________ to the force of the stool pushing up on the person. Unbalanced forces produce a change in _______________. They are needed to _____________ a stationary object to move as well as to ________________ the motion of a _____________ object. Friction: _______________________________________________________ Friction is caused because the surface of any object is ________________ and is affected by the ______________ pushing these surfaces together. The ______________ the surface the greater the _______________. The greater the ________________ pushing the surfaces together, the greater the _________.

Types of friction: 1. Sliding friction is the ____________ that opposes sliding one surface across another surface. This is usually a _____________ force. 2. Rolling friction is the friction between the _________________ and the ______ or _________________ something rolls across. 3. Fluid friction is the friction between an _____________ and a ______________ or ________. 4. Static friction is the force of friction that causes an object to ______ move when a _____________ is applied to it. Static friction _________________ when the object starts moving. Lubricants: _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Ex: ____________________________________________________ Ways to reduce friction: 1. Use ______________________. 2. Switch from _____________ friction to _______________ friction. 3. Make the surfaces that rub against each other _________________. Ways to increase friction: 1. Make the surfaces _______________________. 2. Increase the _________________ pushing the surfaces together.

Gravity: ________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ All matter has _________ and mass results in ________________, so all objects have a force of ____________________ to other objects, but usually the _________ is not great enough to cause the attractive force of the objects to move the objects toward each other. The __________________ has a large mass and therefore has a large _________________ force that pulls everything toward the ______________ of the Earth. Gravity also keeps the _______________ in motion in the sky. l Sir Isaac Newton came up with the Law of Universal Gravitation: All objects in the _________________ attract each other through gravitational ____________. The _______ of the force depends on the _____________ of the objects and the __________________ between them. 1. Gravitational force ________________ as mass _________________. 2. Gravitational force ________________ as distance _______________. Weight: ______________________________________________________ Weight, gravity, and forces are measured in _______________.