Baltimore Polytechnic Institute February 28, 2012 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

Objectives: Students will: Discuss the origin, leadership, and goals of progressivism. Describe how the early progressive movement developed at the local and state level and spread to become a national movement. Describe the major role that women played in progressive social reform, and explain why progressivism meshed with many goals of the women’s movement. Tell how President Roosevelt began applying progressive principles to the national economy, including his attention to conservation and consumer protection. Explain why Taft’s policies offended progressives, including Roosevelt. Describe how Roosevelt led a progressive revolt against Taft that openly divided the Republican party. AP Focus Corporate abuses and the government’s attempt at patchwork reforms—Reform is an AP theme—over the previous decades convince progressives that stronger action is needed. Legislation had been passed to protect the American worker, though widespread abuse continues, sparking strikes. One of the most important is the Anthracite Coal Strike, and it is significant because the federal government does not instinctively take the side of management.

CHAPTER THEMES The strong progressive movement successfully demanded that the powers of government be applied to solving the economic and social problems of industrialization. Progressivism first gained strength at the city and state level, and then achieved national influence in the moderately progressive administrations of Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt’s hand-picked successor, William H. Taft, aligned himself with the Republican Old Guard, causing Roosevelt to break away and lead a progressive third-party crusade.

Test Monday, March 5, 2012 Chapters Focus Questions-Chapter 28 Due Wednesday

Europe threatened to throw out all American beef The Jungle highlighted the appalling conditions of food, even though the book was to show plight of workers Meat Inspection Act of 1906-meat shipped across states would be inspected Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

Desert Land Act of 1877-government sold cheap arid land. Land had to be irrigated in 3 years Forest Reserve Act of 1891-President can set aside public forests as national parks Carey Act of 1894-distributed federal land to states. Land had to be irrigated and settled Newlands Act of 1902-money from sale of public lands in the West to use for irrigation projects Many organizations spun off: Boys Scouts of America, Audubon Society, Sierra Club The independent contractor were shouldered aside as corporations had the capacity to work with the federal bureaucracy

Fiscal Reforms Aldrich-Vreeland Act: authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral

Election of 1908 Democrats-William Jennings Bryan Republicans-William Howard Taft : Electoral College went to Taft 7,675,320 to 6,412,294 popular vote Socialists received 420,793 votes for Eugene V. Debs Roosevelt’s impact enlarged the power/prestige of the Presidency big stick of publicity shaped the progressive movement Square Deal grandfather to New Deal

Dollar diplomacy Manchurian railroad scheme American/Foreign investors buy the railroad and liquidate it China-Japan/Russia rejected it Wall Street invested in Honduras/Haiti to keep out foreign funds U.S. military intervened to protect investments

Taft brought 90 suits in 4 years Roosevelt brought 44 in 7.5 years Taft challenged a U.S. Steel merger that Roosevelt was personally involved in finalizing.

Explain how William Howard Taft split the Republican Party by describing the Ballinger- Pinchot quarrel that erupted in 1910.

Read Chapter 28 Prepare for 5 question quiz on Wednesday Focus questions for chapter 28 due Wednesday