Potassium formate brine has been produced by Addcon in Norway since 1994 Production Site ADDCON NORDIC AS Storage tanks for raw materials

Potassium formate production by Addcon The first and largest producer of potassium formate - Brine production capacity : 800,000 bbl/year - Non-caking powder capacity: 8,400 MT/year Direct production from HCOOH and KOH High purity product Large stocks on quayside location Fast service – by truck, rail and sea Supplier to the oil industry since % KOH 4,500 m 3 6,300 MT 94 % Formic acid 5,000 m 3 Feedstock storage tanks in Norway

Cesium formate produced by Cabot in Canada from pollucite ore Pollucite ore Cs 0.7 Na 0.2 Rb 0.04 Al 0.9 Si 2.1 O 6 ·(H 2 0) Mined at Bernic Lake, Manitoba Processed on site to Cs formate brine Cs formate brine production 700 bbl/month

Potassium formate brine has been used to drill deep HPHT gas wells since 1995 First use : ExxonMobil’s Walsrode field, onshore northern Germany - high-angle deep HPHT slim hole low perm gas wells TVD : 4,450-5,547 metres Reservoir: Sandstone mD BHST : 157 o C Section length: m Drilling fluid: SG K formate brine

Potassium formate from Addcon used in 15 deep HPHT gas well constructions in Germany, Well NameApplicationFluid TypeDensity s.g. (ppg) Horizontal Length(m) Angle (°)BHST (°F)BHCT (°F)TVD (metres)MD (metres) Permeability (mD) Walsrode Z5W/CK Formate1.55 (12.93) na mD Wasrode Z6W/CK Formate1.55 (12.93) na mD Walsrode Z7Drill-InK Formate1.53 (12.77) mD Söhlingen Z3ADrill-InFormix1.38 (11.52) na Söhlingen Z3aDrill-InNa Formate1.30 (10.85) na Volkersen Z3W/CFormix1.40 (11.68) na Kalle S108Drill-InFormix1.45 (12.10) na na Weißenmoor Z1W/CFormix1.35 (11.27) na Idsingen Z1aDrill-InK Formate1.55 (12.93) mD Söhlingen Z12Drill-In Na Formate/Formix 1.35 (11.27) mD Simonswolde Z1Drill-InK Formate/Formix1.52 (12.68) mD Walsrode NZ1Drill-InFormix1.51 (12.60) mD Idzingen Z2W/CFormix1.40 (11.68)na 320na mD Voelkersen NZ2W/CFormix1.40 (11.680na 320na Söhlingen Z13Drill-In/FracK Formate/Formix1.30 (-1.56)(10.85) , mD Fluids service provided by M-I and Baroid

Summary of potassium formate brine use in HPHT gas wells in Germany,

Formate brines – Some further important milestones : First production of non-caking crystalline K formate by Addcon First drilling jobs with K/Cs formate brine: Huldra and Devenick HPHT Formate brines used as packer fluids for HPHT wells in GOM. First well : ExxonMobil’s MO 822#7 (215 o C BHST) in 2001 Use of Cs-weighted oil-based completion fluids for oil reservoirs : Visund, Statfjord, Njord, Gullfaks, Snorre, Oseberg, Rimfaks 2001 – present First use of Cs-weighted LSOBM as perforating completion fluid (Visund) First use of K/Cs formate brine : Completion job in Shearwater well (Shell UK) Cs-weighted LSOBM used as OH screen completion fluid (Statfjord) First use of K/Cs formate brine as HPHT well suspension fluid (Elgin) Individual Draugen oil wells (1993) and Visund oil wells (2003) have similar flow rates of around 50,000 bbl oil/day First of 14 Kvitebjørn HPHT wells drilled and completed with K/Cs formate brines

The first sustained use of K/Cs formate brine was in the world’s largest HPHT gas field development Cesium formate brine used by TOTAL in 34 well construction operations in 8 deep gas fields in period Elgin/Franklin field – UK North Sea

Formate brines – Some published milestones OMV Pakistan start using K formate to drill and complete (with ESS) in HPHT gas wells K/Cs formate brines used as well perforating fluids in 11 HPHT gas fields in UK North Sea : Dunbar, Shearwater, Elgin, Devenick, Braemar, Rhum, Judy, Glenelg, Kessog, Jura and West Franklin Saudi Aramco start using K formate to drill and complete (with ESS) in HPHT gas wells Gravel pack with K formate brine in Statfjord B First MPD operation in Kvitebjørn with K/Cs formate “designer fluid” First of 12 completions in the Kashagan field with K/Cs formate Total’s West Franklin F9 well (204 o C) perforated in K/Cs formate brine Petrobras use K formate brine for open hole gravel packs in Manati field

Saudi Aramco have been drilling HPHT gas wells with potassium formate brine since 2003