Cell Boundaries and Human Health. Why is water balance so important in cells? Among the poor and especially in developing countries, diarrhea is a major.

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Boundaries and Human Health

Why is water balance so important in cells? Among the poor and especially in developing countries, diarrhea is a major killer.

Why is water balance so important in cells? 4 billion cases of diarrhea yearly 2.2 million deaths - many under the age of 5 That’s 4 deaths every minute

This sketch, called "Death's Dispensary", was drawn by George Pinwell in 1866, around the time that the dangers of untreated water became well known. Courtesy of CDC

How do diarrheal diseases spread? The Story of Cholera The Story of Cholera

Why is there an increase in diarrheal diseases after natural disasters?

Pakistan - Flooding

Haiti - Earthquake

Indonesia - Tsunami

Philippines - Typhoon What happens next? What are the biggest concerns of the medical community?

To understand why diarrheal disease can be so deadly – you have first have to understand how healthy cells manage water balance

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Cell Membrane

Moving in & out of cells by OSMOSIS Water molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable* membrane Does not require extra energy * Also called “selectively permeable”

Effects of Osmosis on Blood Cells

Water Balance in Cells Water Outside Cell Water Inside Cell Which Way Will Water Move? Same Same Water flow is equal in and out of cell Less Water More Water Net water flow out of cell More Water Less Water Net water flow into cell

Effect of Osmosis on Blood Cells

Body Intestinal Lumen Intestinal Cells Salt

Skin The Body Our Model System Conical Tube Dialysis Tube Intestinal Lumen

Two Dialysis Tube per Group Conical Tube = water = salt Control One set-up/Lab Group Experimental One set-up/Lab Group

Salt Solution Water

How do diarrheal diseases spread? The Story of Cholera The Story of Cholera

What happened to the dialysis tube with Salt? Why?

Salt Solution Water Osmosis

How does your experiment explain cholera diarrhea?

Salt Net Flow of Water

How would you treat the patient using osmosis?

Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar

Sodium Glucose Symport (Co – Transporter) in Intestinal Cell Membranes The Na + glucose cotransport protein binds Na and glucose in the lumen. Both substances must be present in the lumen at the same time. The co-transport protein changes in shape and releases Na and glucose into the intestinal cells. This raises the osmotic pressure within the cell and sucks water back into the body by osmosis.

Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Net Flow of Water