The Road To The American Revolution, 1750s

Deep Roots & Growing Divisions I. “Salutary Neglect” II. Ideology and Indians III. Losing Control A. Identity and Colonial Nationalism B. Taxation and Resistance IV. Protest to Revolution A. Self-governance and independence

Underneath “Salutary Neglect” I. Glorious Revolution A. Reaction to absolutism of King James, 1680’s B. “Rights” and liberty C. Colonists gain confidence II. “left colonists alone” III. Divergent ideas of equality and representation

Social Differences I. Weak Aristocracy A. Less hereditary power II. More “open” land A. Geographical mobility

Imperial Conflicts I. French, Spanish and British Empires A. Power, land and wealth B. Constant warfare 1. King William’s War, Queen Anne’s War, King George’s War, French and Indian War, (7 Year’s War) C. Angered colonies and Indians D. Funded wars by increasing colonial taxes

Grand Settlement of 1701 Iroquois neutrality s Play off Fr vs. Br Keep trade Protect Great Lakes to the Ohio Valley

Country Ideology “Whig” Reaction to taxes and Br Military Feared power of the state Threat to liberty and property Blended with debates over taxation and representation Elitist

French and Indian War,

French and Indian War I. Colonists in Ohio Valley A. Fr & Indians attack west frontier B. Albany Congress, 1754 failed C became “7 Years War” II. Iroquois Confederacy A. Refused to give up land B. Neutral since 1701 C. Iroquois ally w/ Br in 1760 III. William Pitt, Sec. State A. Crushed French

Battle of Bushy Run, PA (1763)

Treaty of Paris, 1763 I. Ends War A. French eliminated B. Lost land east of Mississippi River C. Kept New Orleans II. Sp. gets land west of Miss. III. Br. gets Florida

Proclamation of 1763 I. Line down the Appalachians II. No growth III. British Troops V. Angered colonies

Significance of French and Indian War I. French influence declined II. British power expanded III. Direct taxes for war debt IV. Br. increased military presence V. Conflicts between Br. and colonists

Native Responses & Views I. Excluded from Treaty II. Pan-Indian Response A. Neolin B. Pontiac (Ottowa) C. Pontiac’s Rebellion D. Attack from G.L. to VA E. Sir Jeffrey Amherst III. Centralize Indian Policy

Growing Tensions Colonists resent taxes Want to expand Dislike “interference” from Crown End of “salutary neglect” Different political ideologies

Colonial “Nationalism” I. Nationalism A. Common experiences B. Military service C. Print media D. Political beliefs E. Becoming “Americans”

Protest to Revolution I. Quartering Act 1765 A. Troops II. Sugar Act 1765 A. Raise revenue B. External, trade III. Stamp Act 1765 A. Internal tax B. Direct tax C. Angered colonists

Tar and Feathering a Tax Collector

Inching Towards Revolution I. Taxation without representation II. Sons of Liberty, Sam Adams III. Crown increased colonial administration IV. Townsend Revenue Acts A. Non-Importation/boycotts B. Personal-political-nationalistic

Boston Massacre, 1770 I. Sons of Liberty II. British troops III. Public protests IV. Shots erupt into “massacre” V. Exaggerated

Committees of Correspondence I. Local political organizations II. Reaction to royal abuses III. Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson IV. Inter-Colonial cooperation & communication V. Leadership until Continental Congresses

Tea Tax 1773 Monopoly for British East Indian Tea Co Taxed tea purchases Boston Sons of Liberty stopped ships December 1773 dumped tea

Boston Tea Party 1773

First Continental Congress 1774 I. Growing Br. Control A. Intolerable Acts, esp. Mass Charter II. Philadelphia, 1774 A. Did not want war B. Committed to Br. crown C. Boycotts & Unity III. Committees of Observation and Safety A. “Local governments”

Verge of Revolution, 1775 I. Lexington and Concord, MASS II. Second Congress, 1775 A. Colonial army B. General Washington C. Olive Branch Petition to King George III III. Thomas Paine, Common Sense A. Rational argument for rebellion and independence IV. British seized American ships