Early American History American, Pre-1500. Origins of American Indians Traditional View– Beringian Strait (Begins 12,000 to 40,000 years ago) Why? Push.

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Presentation transcript:

Early American History American, Pre-1500

Origins of American Indians Traditional View– Beringian Strait (Begins 12,000 to 40,000 years ago) Why? Push & Pull Pressures

Land bridge

Migration South How Long? 500 to 1000 years to get to tip of South America Evidence DNA, Artifacts (e.g. Clovis & Folsom Points)

Newer Theories Recent theory – SW Europe & Asia by sea (18,000 to 40,000 years ago) Finds in PA., VA., & Chile

South America

North America, Pre-1500

North American Indian Tribes

Cibola

Ancestral Pueblo Cliff Dwellings

North American Indian Tribes

Europe before the Columbus Voyages Conditions that encouraged exploration: Renaissance- curiosity – Marco Polo (1298) – Crusades ( ) Norse examples- Erik the Red, Leif Eriksson Vinland (L’Anse aux Meadows) ~1001 CE International trade and exploration barriers that made sea path to Asia attractive Science – navigation (compass & astrolabe) Gunpowder and technology Trade – middle class & corporations

Conditions encouraging European exploration, cont. Nation-states (resources and needs) France- Charles VII 1453 (end of 100 Years War) England- Henry VII 1485 (end of the War of Roses) Portugal John I fought off Castillians Spain- Ferdinand of Aragon & Isabella of Castille marry in 1469 and defeat the Muslims at Granada in 1492 (expansionists). Religious zeal Muslims & Sephardi Jews in Spain – convert or leave. Hugenots in France. Convert the natives Exploration of the Portugese – Prince Henry Diaz (Cape of Good Hope)