Thermal oscillations in rat kidneys: an infrared imaging study by Alexander M Gorbach, Hengliang Wang, and Eric Elster Philosophical Transactions A Volume 366(1880): October 13, 2008 ©2008 by The Royal Society

Averaged power spectra for the IR signal collected from the standard black-body calibration source (thick dashed line), water at room temperature (thin solid line) and the 3×3 pixel ROI (thick solid line) in the central area of rat kidneys (n=5). Alexander M Gorbach et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2008;366: ©2008 by The Royal Society

(a) Changes in arterial pressure (blue), renal blood flow (RBF; red) and IR temperature (black) during baseline, injection of papaverine and post-injection. Alexander M Gorbach et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2008;366: ©2008 by The Royal Society

Frequencies, their spectral magnitudes and duration of the temperature oscillations in the kidney, acquired during baseline conditions (interval 0–2200 s). Alexander M Gorbach et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2008;366: ©2008 by The Royal Society

FFT-based power spectra of (a) tubular pressure and (b) IR-derived temperature profile, extracted from a 3×3 pixel ROI in close proximity to the tubular pressure micropipette (which was placed at the approximate centre of the kidney surface). Alexander M Gorbach et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2008;366: ©2008 by The Royal Society

Averaged power spectra of (a) tubular pressure variations (n=5) and (b) the IR signal collected from ROIs (3×3 pixels) in the central region of the kidneys (n=5). Alexander M Gorbach et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2008;366: ©2008 by The Royal Society

Spectral frequencies, their power and duration of oscillation calculated for (a) tubular pressure and (b) IR-derived temperature signals, acquired during the baseline interval (0–1100 s). Alexander M Gorbach et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2008;366: ©2008 by The Royal Society

Spectral frequencies, their power and duration of oscillations calculated for an IR-derived single temperature profile (3×3 ROI). Alexander M Gorbach et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2008;366: ©2008 by The Royal Society

A representative IR temperature profile (solid curve) extracted from the same 3×3 pixel ROI in each of 4600 sequentially acquired (1/s) IR images. Alexander M Gorbach et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2008;366: ©2008 by The Royal Society

Spatial extent of the temperature oscillations (representative case). Alexander M Gorbach et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2008;366: ©2008 by The Royal Society

(a) Image with cold and warm areas (marked from 1 to 5) as calculated by subtraction of the IR image before reperfusion from the IR image during PORH. (b) TGF oscillation synchronization map and TWPS index changes (inset plot) between two arrows on the map,... Alexander M Gorbach et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2008;366: ©2008 by The Royal Society

Localization of the highest synchrony for VSOs, calculated for the five warmest areas on the IR image (see figure 10a). Alexander M Gorbach et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2008;366: ©2008 by The Royal Society

Coherence between tubular pressure and IR-derived oscillations (white bars), calculated for VSO and TGF frequencies (kidney baseline condition, n=15, Student's t-test, p<0.002). Alexander M Gorbach et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2008;366: ©2008 by The Royal Society