Time lines of historic time are divided in: Prehistory History PREHISTORY, goes from the appearance of the human being until the emerge of writing process. Stone age Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Metal Age (copper, bronze and iron)

HISTORY is divided into: Old ages or antiquity: starts with the emerge of the writing process and ends with the fall of the Roman Empire. Middle ages (early-low and high): ends in the taken of Constantinople by the Turks. Modern age: ends with the beginning of the French Revolution. Contemporary era: gathers all the events and limestones of the last century

When we classify History by themes and activities, we find different branches of history: Politic history Economic history Social history Technology history History of Art History of Ideas History of Mentality

POLITIC HISTORY Studies the aspects of past that are related to the formal organization of the politic power in/among societies. ECONOMIC HISTORY Studies through the use of statistics and math systems, the social phenomena that are related to economy based on a quantified data.

SOCIAL HISTORY Studies the process of change in the social structure and internal dynamics of the different societies, in order to understand the evolution of each of them. TECHNOLOGY HISTORY Studies the evolution of the technology processes referring to the manufacture of tools and to the development of skills and knowledge needed to fabricate them.

HISTORY OF ART Studies the different ways in which art has been put across by people in different societies and periods of times, which reflect them customs, ideas, beliefs and values of them. HISTORY OF IDEAS Studies the origins and development of politic and religious ideologies, social and economic philosophy, and also the studies of the evolution of history known as HISTOGRAPHY.

HISTORY OF MENTALITY It studies the evolution of “patterns of affect” and social/psychological conduct established by anthropologists, that supposes the existence of a collective way of thinking in each culture.

THE AUXILIARY SCIENCES History as a science possesses different branches (which has been already studied), and at there are several sciences interrelated with History. These sciences can be divided in: Social sciences Human sciences Natural sciences Formal or exact sciences

SOCIAL SCIENCES Social or Cultural Anthropology: studies culture, thus anything and everything created by human (material or non-material), as well as the different societies and ethnic groups. Archeology: studies and infers the possible living manners of societies and civilizations, which have already disappeared, through the recovering and analysis of objects from material culture, known as archeological remains.

SOCIAL SCIENCES Historic Demography: studies through observation and statistics, the changes in population, such as its growth rate, nativity and mortality rate, migratory patterns, etc. Economy: studies the aspects of society related to the satisfaction of human needs, production factors, goods and services, market rates, employment, Gross National Product (GNP), among others.

SOCIAL SCIENCES Geography: studies the physical space where human activities are developed. Aspects studied such as natural resources, weather and climate, water bodies presence, soil quality, landmarks and others. Linguistic: studies the origins and diffusion of languages and dialects from different regions of the world.

SOCIAL SCIENCES Politics: studies the human activities related to the government and power administration in the societies around the world. Social Psychology: studies and analyzes human conduct in a society, which answers to the traditions and values that compounds the collective conscience of regions and ethnic groups.

SOCIAL SCIENCES Sociology: traditionally studies the structure and function of the modern west society, particularly aspects related to mobility, social classes, institutions and others.

HUMAN SCIENCES Philosophy: etymologically means “love to wisdom“ and studies the intellectual and systematic foundations of every science and way of thinking. Arts: studies how human creativity produce sensory, esthetic and aesthetic material and non-material pieces, that provoke an emotive response in the human being.

NATURAL SCIENCES Biology: studies the living beings, specially the human body, and then gives important facts to understand human behavior. It also studies, biological factors of the environment in which societies and communities live together. Physics: studies natures interrelationship of matter and energy, establishing laws and theories in which nature function and manifestation are built upon.

NATURAL SCIENCES Chemistry: studies the properties of substances and their exchanges of matter energy. It´s divided in other branches such as organic, inorganic, physical-chemistry and biochemistry.

FORMAL AND EXACT SCIENCES Logic: studies the mental forms of the thinking process as itself, including concept, idea, judgment and, with the purpose of confering a fallacy onto a correct fact. Math: studies through the use of logic and reasoning, abstract matters such as numbers, geometric figures and operational relations to connect logic concepts.

CRITICAL THINKING ACTIVITY Work in PAIRS: Choose 10 auxiliary sciences and discuss what would be the interrelationship among History and each of them. Write your ideas on a sheet of paper, to be handed in. (20 minutes)