 Assumes events are governed by some lawful order ◦ Based on belief there are consistencies  What could you see as difficulties in transferring this approach to human behavior?

 1. Measurement System ◦ Techniques must be devised to measure behavior  2. Understand and Predict ◦ Hypothesis- A statement (prediction) about two or more variables. ◦ Variables- Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviors controlled or observed in study.

 3. Application and Control ◦ Can apply findings to real-world problems ◦ Examples?  Research leads to theories: ◦ Theory- A system of interrelated ideas used to explain set of observations.  Equate with theories formed in own lives

 1.) Formulate Testable Hypothesis  2.)Select Research Method and Design Study  3.) Collect Data  4.) Analyze Data and Draw Conclusions  5.) Report Findings

 Must be formulated precisely  Variables must be clearly defined with operational definitions  Operational Definition- A statement of the procedures or ways a researcher is going to measure behavior or qualities. (e.g. what is meant by each variable in study) ◦ Operational Definition Activity

 How do we plan to test the hypothesis?  Several methods to choose in psychology  Must make detailed plans for study design ◦ Participants- Persons or animals whose behavior is observed in study  How many? Who? Any Restrictions?

 Several different methods of data collection- procedures for making empirical observations and measurements.  Must choose best measure to suit what you are studying

 Analyzing data often involves complex statistical procedures  Must convert all data into #’s and choose statistical analysis method ◦ Example Statistical Output  In drawing conclusions, check to see if results supported or opposed hypothesis

 When finished with studies, psychologists present findings to public in a variety of formats.  What types of formats?  Harsh review process